上颌动脉的应用解剖学研究

目的:明确上颌动脉的解剖学起源、走向、分支形式及腔内直径,为上颌动脉区域相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供一定的解剖学基础 .方法:对15具中国人尸体进行观察,共28面,分析上颌动脉的走行及每种分支类型的规律.同时测量上颌动脉起始和血管内径.结果:27面(94.6%)为外侧行程,1面(5.4%)为内侧行程.右侧自外耳道上方空白区至上颌动脉起始处的垂直高度为(23.4±5.1)mm,而左侧 的垂直高度为(22.6±4.5)mm.19面(67.9%)分支顺序为标准型.下牙槽动脉和颞深前动脉在上颌动脉中的分支中的长度变化最小.脑膜中动 脉和颊动脉为内径最大和最小的血管.结论:上颌动脉的解剖学特征包括上颌动脉的起始、行程、分支形式及内径大小等指标,能够作为血管栓塞术一个指标改善影像学诊断的精确 性,同时也能够为超选择性动脉内化疗提供一些理论依据.

Applied anatomical study of the maxillary artery

Objective:To investigate the origin,running pattern,branching type and inner diameter of the maxillary artery,and provide the anatomic basis in the diagnosis and treatment of the related area of maxillary artery.Methods:A total of 15 Chinese cadavers were observed and analyzed in 28 sides.The course of maxillary artery and the regularity of each branch were analyzed.Simultaneous measurement of the origin and diameter of the maxillary artery.Results:The lateral running in 27 sides and inside running in 1 side of maxillary artery were found.The vertical height from the maxillary artery origin to the superior margin of the external auditory canal was(23.4±5.1)mm,and the left vertical height was(22.6±4.5)mm.The branching order in 19 sides(67.9%) was standard type.The length variations of inferior alveolar artery and anterior deep temporal artery were the smallest.The middle meningeal artery and buccal artery were the largest luminal diameter and smallest vessel,respectively.Conclusions:The origin,running pattern,branching type and inner diameter of the maxillary artery can act as an indicator,which can improve the accuracy of image diagnosis,and provide some theory basis in super-selective intra-arterial chemotherapy.