长宁区0~6岁非户籍儿童保健现状及对策研究

【目的】 了解长宁区0~6岁非户籍儿童的卫生保健现状与需求。 【方法】 采用随机整群抽样,按照1∶1配对的方法,抽取长宁区北新泾街道0~6岁户籍与非户籍儿童共计436例,对家长进行统一的问卷调查。 【结果】 非户籍儿童的系统保健管理率低,仅19.18%,户籍儿童系统保健管理率高达80.65%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);非户籍儿童的体格生长发育较户籍儿童差,非户籍儿童体重、身高低于P₁₀的儿童明显较户籍儿童多;户籍儿童与非户籍儿童家长对儿童系统保健的认识差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);非户籍儿童家长对营养疾病的知晓率及儿童保健项目的知晓率中只有预防接种较户籍儿童高,其它内容均较户籍儿童低。 【结论】 非户籍儿童的保健状况较户籍儿童差,应加强对非户籍儿童家长保健知识的宣传,儿童保健管理真正从户籍儿童向属地化儿童转变。让非户籍儿童享受基本、均等化的卫生保健服务。

Status of health care among floating children under 7 years old of Changning district and intervention strategies

【Objective】 To understand and provide references for health care policy aimed at non-resident children,which may help these children to get equal health care service. 【Methods】 219 non-resident children and 217 local children from Beixinjing community were chosen with random cluster sampling.Their parents were surveyed with structured questionnaire. 【Results】 The rate of systematic management of non-resident children was 19.18%,which was lower than that of local children significantly,and the latter’s was 80.65%.The level of physical growth and development of non-resident children was inferior than that of local children.Among non-resident children,the proportion of children whose height values were below the 10th percentile was higher than local ones.So was weight.There was difference between parents of non-resident children and local ones for understanding of necessity about physical examination regularly.The knowledge about nutritional diseases and child health care of non-resident parents was less than local parents,except for vaccination. 【Conclusions】 The status of health care among non-resident children is worse than that of local ones,so we should strengthen propaganda about child health care toward non-resident parents.The model of child health care should be changed to localized management model and all non-resident children should get basic and equal heath care service.