肠道菌群与药物成瘾及相关神经精神疾病关系的研究进展

药物成瘾不仅严重损害成瘾者自身健康,还造成了巨大的社会经济负担。吸毒人数不断攀升,复吸率居高不下,严重威胁公共安全。药物成瘾是一种慢性脑病,替代药物治疗如美沙酮,非药物治疗如手术治疗、正念疗法、重复经颅磁刺激等,均不能有效降低成瘾者的心理渴求。目前药物成瘾的治疗方法存在很大局限性,治愈后复吸率高。寻找新的治疗药物和方法仍是药物成瘾的重要课题。近年来,肠道菌群与神经精神疾病相关的研究被大量报道,逐渐揭示了肠道菌群与中枢神经系统之间的联系,随着"微生物-肠-脑轴"的发现,肠道菌群在药物成瘾相关方面的研究也逐渐受到关注,通过查阅国内外文献,该文对肠道菌群与药物成瘾、肠道菌群与神经精神疾病的关系研究进展进行综述。

Progress in research on relationship between gut microbiota and drug addiction and related neuropsychiatric diseases

Drug addiction has not only seriously damaged the addicts′ health, but also caused a huge social and economic burden, threatening public safety. Meanwhile, the number of drug addicts continues to rise and the relapse rate remains high. Actually drug addiction is a kind of chronic brain disease. It is of no avail to reduce the psychological requirement of addicts via alternative drug treatments such as methadone, non-pharmacological treatments, surgical treatment, mindfulness therapy, and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. In fact, the rate of relapse is still high, accompanied by a series of huge limitations. Therefore, it is of great importance to find new therapeutic drugs and methods for drug addiction. In recent years, numerous studies of intestinal flora and neuropsychiatric diseases have been reported, gradually revealing the link between the intestinal microbiota and the nervous system. With the discovery of the “microbiota-gut-brain axis”, the effect of gut microbiota on related aspects of drug addiction has won increasing attention. As a result, this thesis will review the research progress of the relationship between gut microbiota, neuropsychiatric diseases and drug addiction by means of looking up domestic and foreign documents.