5676例手足口病病例分析

目的了解手足口病的临床和流行病学规律，探索恰当、正确的应对措施，有效、经济地开展预防控制工作。方法对5676例手足口病病例进行临床分类、流行病学分析、肠道病毒71（EV71）和柯萨奇A16（CAV16）病毒核酸检测。结果手足口病发病以幼儿为主，尤其是散居儿童。病例报告存在“周末低谷”和“周一跳跃”现象。轻型病例中病毒核酸检出率高达85．42％，重症病例中病毒核酸检出率仅28．57％，重症病例中有明显挂靠手足口病现象。咽拭子中病毒核酸检出率最高，为71．43％，肛拭子和粪便检出率66．67％，疱疹液检出率最低，为26．67％。结论手足口病是小儿常见传染病，绝大多数为轻型病例，预防的重点是高发期健康教育。

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 5 676 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease

Objective To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） and to find out the correct and proper measures for preventing and controlling it effectively. Methods All of HFMD cases （5 676） were classified clinically and analyzed epidemiologically. The nucleocapsid of Coxsacjievirus A16 （CAV16） and Enterovirus 71 （EV71） were detected by RT-PCR. Results Young children were mainly attacked by HFMD, especially those not in kindergartens, There were phenomena called ＂Weekend valley＂ and ＂Monday jump＂ in cases report. The positive rate of nucleocapsid of CAV16 and EVT1 was 85.42 % in slight cases and 28.57% in severe cases. There was a tendency that other diseases were diagonosed as HFMD by mistake clinically. The positive rate of nucleocapsid was 71.43% in pharynx samples, 66.67% in stool samples, and 26.67% in herpetic liquid samples. Conclusions Most cases of HFMD are slight in clinically. The emphasis of prevention is the health education and promotion in epidemic seasons, instead of strong control action.