中国12个少数民族居民的食物摄入状况及其特点

目的分析中国12个少数民族居民的膳食摄入状况及其特点。方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康调查资料,选取蒙古、回、藏、维吾尔、苗、彝、壮、布依、满、瑶、土家、哈萨克族12个少数民族共6688人为研究样本人群,膳食调查采用连续3天24小时回顾询问法调查所有摄入食物,及用"称重法"调查家庭调味品消费量。结果少数民族居民的食物结构主要受环境、经济、宗教文化等因素的影响;各民族间各类食物消费情况差异较大,彝、瑶、土家族居民的豆类食物的消费量较高,而藏、维吾尔、哈萨克族的居民豆类食品的消费量极低;藏、壮、瑶族居民畜肉类食物的摄入量较高,而禽肉类和鱼虾类食物的摄入量普遍较低;维吾尔、哈萨克族居民奶类及其制品的消费量较高,人均奶类及其制品的消费量超过了200g;蔬菜的摄入量在地处高原或北方地区的少数民族居民中普遍较低,而生活在南方地区的少数民族居民蔬菜的摄入量相对较高;部分少数民族的居民盐的摄入量过高,特别是维吾尔、哈萨克族居民盐的平均摄入量高达20g以上。结论少数民族居民的膳食结构中存在着不同程度和类型的膳食不平衡的问题,应广泛开展营养宣传教育活动,引导人们科学地开发和利用当地资源,倡导平衡膳食原则。

Status and characteristic of dietary intake of 12 minority nationalities in China

Objective To describe the status and characteristic of dietary intake in 12 minority nationalities.Methods 6688 subjects were randomly sampled from 12 minority nationalities(Mongolian,Hui,Tibetan,Uygur,Miao,Yi,Zhuang,Buyi,Man,Yao,Tujia and Kazak).The 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used to collect food intake information,except for the condiment intake,which was collected by weighting method.Results The pattern of staple food of minority nationalities were influenced by environment,economic,religion and culture food.The consumptions were significantly difference among the 12 minority nationalities,Yi,Yao and Tujia nationality people consumed more bean and bean products,but the consumption of Tibetan,Uygur and Kazak were very low.The meat consumption of Tibetan,Zhuang and Yao were high,but the paultry and fishery products consumption were very low.Uygur and Kazak nationality had high dairy intake level,average daily consumption were over 200g.The minority nationality residents who lived in high areas or the north China consumed less vegetable comparing with other areas.The daily salt consumption of Uygur and Kazak nationality were quite high(over 20g).Conclusion The difference extents of the problem on dietary pattern exist among the 12 minority nationalities.Nutrition education activities should be implemented to guide the people developing and utilizing the local food resource scientifically,to advocate the principle of a balanced diet.