儿童骨髓增生异常综合征骨髓巨核细胞的研究

为观察16例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患儿骨髓巨核细胞形态与造血功能的改变，并分析其血小板减少的发生机制，采用巨核细胞CD41α单克隆抗体免疫酶标染色观察骨髓涂片中小巨核细胞的计数与分类，采用血浆凝块法体外培养骨髓单个核细胞及用免疫酶标法进行巨核细胞集落检测，计数巨核细胞集落形成单位(CFUMK)和爆式巨核细胞集落形成单位(BFU—MK)。结果表明：16例MDS患儿骨髓CFU—MK集落形成率与对照组无显著差异，与对照组90％可信区间比较有62．5％的患儿CFU—MK降低，25％增高，12.5％正常；BFU—MK形成率显著低于对照组。16例中15例患儿骨髓涂片CD41μ阳性小巨核细胞总检出率与对照组无显著差异，但小巨核细胞总数及Ⅰ型淋巴样小巨核细胞检出率显著高于对照组。结论：MDS骨髓中可能存在两种克隆的巨核细胞，一类为病态的、可能具有潜在恶性的幼稚小巨核细胞，一类是具有正常造血功能的巨核细胞；MDS血小板减少的主要原因是因为病态巨核细胞的增多导致正常巨核细胞生长发育成熟受影响。

Study on Bone Marrow Megakaryocytes in Children Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome

The study was aimed to observe morphological characteristics and hematopoiesis function of bone marrow megakaryocyte in children patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and analyse the cause and mechanism of thrombocytopenia. CD41 McAb immunohistochemical technique was used to detect micromegakaryocytes of bone marrow smear. Plasma clot culture and CD41 McAb immunohistochemical technique were used for the MK-colony forming assay. The colony formations of CFU-MK and BFU-MK were measured. The results showed that there was no significant difference of CFU-MK colony formation rate between groups of MDS and control. But, in 62.5% of children patients the colony formation rate of CFU-MK decreased, in 25% increased, and in 12.5% was normal while BFU-MK formation rate decreased in MDS group significantly. The number of micromegakaryocyte and the positive rate of type I lymphoid micromegakaryocyte were significantly higher than those of the control group. In conclusion, there may be two kinds of megakaryocyte clones in bone marrow of children patients with MDS. One is supposed to be pathologic and potentially malignant micromegakaryocytes, the another may be the normal megakaryocytic precursors. The thrombocytopenia in MDS patients induced by increase of pathologic MK leads to abnormal development and maturation of MK in bone marrow.