艾滋病的流行情况和危险因素与预防进展

艾滋病疫情的特征是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)特异性地攻击CD4⁺T淋巴细胞,导致患者出现各种机会性感染或肿瘤,从而造成获得性免疫缺陷功能障碍(AIDS)。当前我国的艾滋病疫情处于总体低流行状况,疫情地区分布差异大,性传播逐渐成为主要传播途径,艾滋病疫情上升速度有所减缓,但是流行因素依然存在。同时我国科研与卫生工作者针对我国的艾滋病做了大量的工作,譬如已经进行了大量的流行病调查与科研前期分析,开发了一些前期用药,了解了多数艾滋病高发地区的疫情状况,但是存在一定的不足。本文综述了艾滋病的流行情况,深入阐述了艾滋病的危险因素与传播方式,重点论述了艾滋病的预防进展,包括心理干预、夫妻支持和社会支持等,希望为艾滋病的早诊断、早治疗提供帮助。

Eepidemic situation and risk factors and prevention progress of AIDS

AIDS epidemic is characterized by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)specifically attacking CD4⁺T lymphocytes,resulting in various opportunistic infections or tumors,and resulting in acquired immunodeficiency dysfunction(AIDS). At present,the epidemic situation of AIDS in China is in an overall low epidemic situation,and the distribution of epidemic areas varies greatly. Sexual transmission has gradually become the main way of transmission. The rising speed of AIDS epidemic has slowed down,but the epidemic factors still exist. At the same time,scientists and health workers in our country have done a lot of work in response to China’s AIDS situation,such as a large number of epidemiological investigations and pre-scientific analysis had been carried out,and some pre-medications had also been developed,and understood the epidemic situation in most areas with high incidence of AIDS,but there are still certain deficiencies. This paper summarizes the epidemic situation of AIDS,in-depth expounds the risk factors and transmission mode of AIDS,and focuses on the progress of AIDS prevention,including psychological intervention,couple support and social support,etc.,hoping to provide help for early diagnosis and treatment of AIDS.