Robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: A propensity score‐matched comparative analysis of surgical outcomes and preserved renal parenchymal volume

Objectives

To compare surgical outcomes, including renal function and the preserved renal parenchymal volume, between robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using propensity score‐matched analyses.

Methods

In total, 253 patients, with a normal contralateral kidney, who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (n = 131) or robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (n = 122) with renal arterial clamping between 2010 and 2015, were included. Patients’ background and tumor factors were adjusted by propensity score matching. Surgical outcomes, including postoperative renal function, complications, warm ischemia time and preserved renal parenchymal volume, evaluated by volumetric analysis, were compared between the surgical procedures.

Results

After matching, 64 patients were assigned to each group. The mean age was 56–57 years, and the mean tumor size was 22 mm. Approximately 50% of patients had low complexity tumors (RENAL nephrometry score 4–7). The incidence rate of acute kidney failure was significantly lower in the robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (11%) than laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (23%) group (P = 0.049), and warm ischemia time shorter in the robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (17 min) than laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (25 min) group (P < 0.0001). The preservation rate of renal function, measured by the estimated glomerular filtration rate, at 6 months post‐surgery was 96% for robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and 90% for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (P < 0.0001). The preserved renal parenchymal volume was higher for robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (89%) than laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (77%; P < 0.0001). The rate of perioperative complications, surgical margin status and length of hospital stay were equivalent for both techniques.

Conclusions

Robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy allows to achieve better preservation of renal function and parenchymal volume than laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.