环境因素致皮肤过敏与支气管哮喘发病之间关系的分析

目的　为了评价常见环境因素致皮肤过敏对支气管哮喘的影响 ,探讨哮喘的病因。方法　在收集某地区 5 91例支气管哮喘病例的基础上 ,对哮喘患者家系的共 2 4 83位成员逐一询问调查并进行皮肤过敏试验。用EPI5 0 1和SAS6 12程序软件进行资料的处理分析 ,主要计算优势比 (OR值 )等指标。结果　哮喘患者家系亲属的患病率为 14 6 % ,并且有随年龄增加而增加的趋势。皮试阳性率为 30 0 % ,其中 ,皮肤红疹阳性为 4 1 5 % ,而皮肤红斑阳性率为 9 6 %。皮试阳性、皮肤红疹和皮肤红斑均增加患哮喘的危险性 ,其优势比 (OR值 )分别为 1 4 6、1 83和 2 0 5 ,且均有高度显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　对环境中过敏原产生皮肤过敏者患哮喘的危险性增加 ,环境中过敏原是哮喘重要的危险因素之一。

Correlations between skin allergy caused by common environmental factors and asthma

Objective To determined the effect of skin allergy(skin prick tests) on asthma, and to study the environmental causes of asthma. Methods 591 persons with asthma history were recruited and 2483 relatives of them were investigated. The questionnaire and skin test (with 4 allergens) were conducted for all relatives. EPI5 01 and SAS6 12 were applied for statistical analysis. Results There was 14 6% percent of persons with asthma history among the relatives, showing at the same time an increasing trend with the age. 30 0% percent of the relatives showed positive skin prick tests (rash or erythema), and the positive rash and erythema was 41 5% and 9.6% respectively. Positive skin prick tests, rash and erythema were all related with asthma and the OR was 1 46,1 83 and 2 05 respectively, and there were all statistical significance (P<0 01). Conclusion Environmental allergen is one of the important risk factors on asthma.