石油钻井行业工人肌肉骨骼疾患及影响因素分析

目的 调查石油行业工人的职业性肌肉骨骼疾患情况,探讨可能的影响因素.方法 选取860名石油钻井行业工人为调查对象,采用国内出版、经过适当修改的北欧肌肉骨骼问卷进行流行病学横断面调查.结果 石油工人肌肉骨骼疾患年患病率排在前三位的部位分别是腰部(50.6%)、颈部(29.8%)、肩部(23.4%),除手腕、髋臀外,其他部位的年患病率在不同工龄段的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).每周工作时间＞40 h的工人颈部、肩部、背部和腰部的肌肉骨骼疾患年患病率较每周工作＜40 h的工人高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic分析显示,职业因素中工作时长时间保持弯腰姿势、长时间站立、躯干重复性的弯曲、不适搬举姿势、搬举高质量物体等是腰部疾患的危险因素(P＜0.05),组织管理因素中经常加班、休息不足是腰部疾患的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 石油行业工人肌肉骨骼疾患比较严重,应改善劳动姿势,减轻劳动强度,合理安排劳动休息制度等,并有计划地开展一定的健康促进活动等.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the morbidity and influence factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) in oil drillers. Methods The modified Nordic Standardized Questionnaire for WMSD was used to perform the epidemiological investigation in 860 oil drillers. Results The predominant sites of WMSD in the oil drillers were waist (50.6%), neck (29.8%) and shoulder (23.4%), respectively. There were significant differences of the WMSD morbidities in all body sites except for wrist and hip among groups with different working years (P＜0.05 of P＜0.01 ). The WMSD morbidities in the neck, shoulder, back and waist of oil drillers working for more than 40 h a week were significantly higher than those of oil drillers working for less than 40 h a week (P＜0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that some occupational factors, i.e. keeping stoop and stand for long time, repeating trunk bend, keeping awkward lift posture and lifting the heave objects, were the risk factors for WMSD at waist (P＜0.05 ), also some management factors, i.e. overtime work and inadequate rest, were the risk factors for WMSD at waist (P＜0.05). Conclusion The WMSD appears to be a serious ergonomic problem in oil drillers, it is necessary to correct working posture, reduce working load, improve organizational management, and encourage a workplace health program with regular work and rest.

The analysis of factors influencing the work related musculoskeletal disorders of oil drillers

Objective To investigate the morbidity and influence factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) in oil drillers. Methods The modified Nordic Standardized Questionnaire for WMSD was used to perform the epidemiological investigation in 860 oil drillers. Results The predominant sites of WMSD in the oil drillers were waist (50.6%), neck (29.8%) and shoulder (23.4%), respectively. There were significant differences of the WMSD morbidities in all body sites except for wrist and hip among groups with different working years (P＜0.05 of P＜0.01 ). The WMSD morbidities in the neck, shoulder, back and waist of oil drillers working for more than 40 h a week were significantly higher than those of oil drillers working for less than 40 h a week (P＜0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that some occupational factors, i.e. keeping stoop and stand for long time, repeating trunk bend, keeping awkward lift posture and lifting the heave objects, were the risk factors for WMSD at waist (P＜0.05 ), also some management factors, i.e. overtime work and inadequate rest, were the risk factors for WMSD at waist (P＜0.05). Conclusion The WMSD appears to be a serious ergonomic problem in oil drillers, it is necessary to correct working posture, reduce working load, improve organizational management, and encourage a workplace health program with regular work and rest.