超声引导下肢神经阻滞联合喉罩下全麻用于全膝关节置换术的效果

目的 评价超声引导下肢神经阻滞联合喉罩下全麻用于全膝关节置换术的效果.方法 择期行全膝关节置换术的病人加例,性别不限,年龄52～80岁,体重67～94 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=20).Ⅰ组在气管插管下行静吸复合全麻;Ⅱ组先在超声引导下行下肢神经阻滞,然后在喉罩下行静吸复合全麻.术中和麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留期间维持HR 50～100次/min,维持MAP波动幅度不超过基础值的20%.必要时给予血管活性药物(阿托品、艾司洛尔、麻黄碱、乌拉地尔或拉贝洛尔).术后采用曲马多和氯诺昔康行PCIA(背景输注速率2 ml/h,PCA量1 ml,锁定时间15 min),维持VAS评分≤2分.记录术中和PACU停留期间血管活性药物的使用情况;记录PACU停留时间;记录术后24 h内PCA药物用量和恶心呕吐的发生情况.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术中各血管活性药物的使用率降低,PACU停留期间艾司洛尔、乌拉地尔和拉贝洛尔的使用率降低,PACU停留时间缩短,PCA药物用量减少,术后恶心呕吐发生率降低(P<0.01).结论 超声引导下肢神经阻滞联合喉罩下全麻用于全膝关节置换术麻醉效果较好,并发症少,术后镇痛药物用量少,优于气管插管下全麻.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of uhrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 52-80 yr,weighing 67-94 kg,undergoing total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=20 each).Group Ⅰ received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with endotracheal tube.Group Ⅱ received lower extremity nerve block guided by ultrasound and then combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway.HR was maintained at 50-100bpm,MAP was maintained at the preoperative baseline level(increase or decrease amplitude<20%of the baseline level)during operation and in pestanesthesia care unit(PACU)and vasoaetive drugs(atropine,esmolol,efedrina,urapidil or labetalol)were given when necessary.The patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with tramedol and lornoxicam(background infusion 2 ml/h,bolus dose 1 ml,lockout interval 15 min)after operation and VAS score was maintained at≤2.The requirement for vasoactive drugs during operation and in PACU,PACU stay length,and consumption of analgesics and occurrence of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the requirement for all vasoaetive drugs during operation and for esmolol,urapidil and labetalol in PACU was significantly reduced,PACU stay length Was significantly shortened,and the consumption of analgesics and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in group Ⅱ(P<0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway provides better emcacy with fewer complications and less consumption of postoperative analgesics than general anesthesia with endotracheal tube in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Efficacy of ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of uhrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 52-80 yr,weighing 67-94 kg,undergoing total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=20 each).Group Ⅰ received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with endotracheal tube.Group Ⅱ received lower extremity nerve block guided by ultrasound and then combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway.HR was maintained at 50-100bpm,MAP was maintained at the preoperative baseline level(increase or decrease amplitude<20%of the baseline level)during operation and in pestanesthesia care unit(PACU)and vasoaetive drugs(atropine,esmolol,efedrina,urapidil or labetalol)were given when necessary.The patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with tramedol and lornoxicam(background infusion 2 ml/h,bolus dose 1 ml,lockout interval 15 min)after operation and VAS score was maintained at≤2.The requirement for vasoactive drugs during operation and in PACU,PACU stay length,and consumption of analgesics and occurrence of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the requirement for all vasoaetive drugs during operation and for esmolol,urapidil and labetalol in PACU was significantly reduced,PACU stay length Was significantly shortened,and the consumption of analgesics and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in group Ⅱ(P<0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway provides better emcacy with fewer complications and less consumption of postoperative analgesics than general anesthesia with endotracheal tube in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.