2006至2007年青海省支气管哮喘患病率调查

目的 调查2006至2007年青海省人群支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)的患病率.方法 根据青海省地理位置和海拔高度,以随机、分层、整群抽样方法,对青海省4个自治州、西宁市和海东行署内居住在海拔1920～4500 m的49个测试点27 851人进行了入户问卷调查,内容包括呼吸系统症状、个人史、过敏史和家族史,并进行体检,行胸部X线及肺功能检查(通气功能及支气管舒张试验),按照中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组制定的哮喘防治指南中的诊断标准确诊哮喘.结果 全省总人口患病率为0.38%(105/27 851).青海哮喘人群分布特点:女性为0.45%(61/13 433),男性为0.31%(44/14 418),女性高于男性(x2=4.11,P=0.04);儿童为0.85%(30/3510),成人为0.31%(75/24 341),儿童高于成人(x2=24.40,P＜0.01);农民为0.61%(46/7524),干部为0.23%(12/5252),半农半牧民为0.22%(4/1792),居民为0.20%(12/5865),工人为0.06%(1/1808),牧民为0%(0/2100),农民高于其他职业(x2=36.30,P＜0.01).不同地区和地理环境分布特点为:海拔1920～3000 m居住人群的患病率为0.45%(91/20 314),海拔3001～3500 m居住人群的患病率为0.29%(13/4462),海拔＞3500 m居住人群的患病率为0.03%(1/3075),低海拔地区的患病率高于高海拔地区(x2=12.98,P＜0.01);农村的患病率为0.64%(65/10 119),城市为0.27%(37/13 933),半农半牧区为0.15%(2/1310),牧区为0.04%(1/2489),农村最高、牧区最低(x2=32.85,P＜0.01).结论 青海地区哮喘患病率低于全国平均水平,高海拔地区患病率低于低海拔地区,牧民患病率低于其他职业人群.

Abstract：

Objective To study the prevalence of asthma in Qinghai Province between 2006 to 2007. Methods According to the geographical location and the altitude ( 1920 - 4500 m), stratifiedcluster-random sampling was use for this study. A total of 27 851 individuals were investigated by household survey at 49 locations in 4 autonomous prefectures, Xining Municipal City and Haidong Administrative District. The questionnaire included respiratory symptoms, personal history, allergic history, and family medical history. Chest X-ray and pulmonary function tests (ventilation function and bronchodilatation test) were performed. Diagnosis of bronchial asthma was made according to the criteria in the Guidelines for Asthma Management by Chinese Respiratory Society. Results The overall prevalence of asthma was 0. 38% ( 105/27 851 ). The prevalence of asthma in females was 0. 45% (61/13 433 ) ], which was higher than that in males 0. 31% (44/14 418) ]. The prevalence of asthma in children 0. 85% (30/3510) ] was higher than that in adults 0. 31% (75/24 341 )]. The prevalence of asthma in different occupational populations was as follows: farmers 0. 61% (46/7524)], government officials and employees 0. 23% (12/5252) ], half farmers and half herdsmen 0. 22% (4/1792) ], inhabitants 0. 20% ( 12/5865 ) ],factory workers 0. 06% (1/1808) ] and herdsmen 0% (0/2100) ]. The prevalence of asthma in farmers was higher than those in other occupations. The prevalence of asthma was also different in geographical Iocations and altitudes, 0. 45% (91/20 314) in population living at 1920 -3000 m above sea level, 0. 29%(13/4462) at 3001 -3500 m above sea level and 0. 03% at greater than 3500 m above sea level. The prevalence of asthma in rural, urban, half farming and half herding areas and the pastoral areas was 0. 64%(65/10 119), 0. 27% (37/13 933), 0. 15% (2/1310) and 0. 04% (1/2489) respectively; the highest in rural areas and the lowest in the pastoral areas. Conclusions The overall prevalence of asthma in Qinghai Province was lower than that in the nation as a whole. The prevalence of asthma in higher altitudes was lower than that in the lower altitudes, and was lower in herdsmen as compared to other occupational populations.

An epidemiological study of bronchial asthma in Qinghai Province

Objective To study the prevalence of asthma in Qinghai Province between 2006 to 2007. Methods According to the geographical location and the altitude ( 1920 - 4500 m), stratifiedcluster-random sampling was use for this study. A total of 27 851 individuals were investigated by household survey at 49 locations in 4 autonomous prefectures, Xining Municipal City and Haidong Administrative District. The questionnaire included respiratory symptoms, personal history, allergic history, and family medical history. Chest X-ray and pulmonary function tests (ventilation function and bronchodilatation test) were performed. Diagnosis of bronchial asthma was made according to the criteria in the Guidelines for Asthma Management by Chinese Respiratory Society. Results The overall prevalence of asthma was 0. 38% ( 105/27 851 ). The prevalence of asthma in females was 0. 45% (61/13 433 ) ], which was higher than that in males 0. 31% (44/14 418) ]. The prevalence of asthma in children 0. 85% (30/3510) ] was higher than that in adults 0. 31% (75/24 341 )]. The prevalence of asthma in different occupational populations was as follows: farmers 0. 61% (46/7524)], government officials and employees 0. 23% (12/5252) ], half farmers and half herdsmen 0. 22% (4/1792) ], inhabitants 0. 20% ( 12/5865 ) ],factory workers 0. 06% (1/1808) ] and herdsmen 0% (0/2100) ]. The prevalence of asthma in farmers was higher than those in other occupations. The prevalence of asthma was also different in geographical Iocations and altitudes, 0. 45% (91/20 314) in population living at 1920 -3000 m above sea level, 0. 29%(13/4462) at 3001 -3500 m above sea level and 0. 03% at greater than 3500 m above sea level. The prevalence of asthma in rural, urban, half farming and half herding areas and the pastoral areas was 0. 64%(65/10 119), 0. 27% (37/13 933), 0. 15% (2/1310) and 0. 04% (1/2489) respectively; the highest in rural areas and the lowest in the pastoral areas. Conclusions The overall prevalence of asthma in Qinghai Province was lower than that in the nation as a whole. The prevalence of asthma in higher altitudes was lower than that in the lower altitudes, and was lower in herdsmen as compared to other occupational populations.