经皮肾镜碎石术后发热的相关因素分析*

目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)治疗肾结石术后引起发热的相关因素及防治措施。方法回顾性分析2015年1月-2017年6月该院应用PCNL治疗150例肾结石患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、合并糖尿病病史、既往同侧肾脏手术史、结石类型、结石最长径、有无并发输尿管上段结石、术前泌尿系感染、肾积水程度、术前肾盂积脓、术前肾造瘘管的使用、术后中心静脉压、术中灌注量和手术时间,术后分为发热组和未发热组,对两组PCNL术后发热的相关因素进行分析。结果术后发热共27例,占18.0%。性别比例、糖尿病病史、铸型结石或鹿角形结石、结石长径、合并输尿管上段结石、术前尿常规白细胞计数、脓肾、术前使用肾造瘘管、术后中心静脉压、术中灌注量和手术时间在两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic多因素分析显示,女性患者、合并输尿管上段结石、术中灌注量、术前肾积脓、手术时间长是术后发热的独立危险因素(OR1,P0.05)。结论 PCNL术前需常规尿细菌培养,彻底治疗尿路感染和肾脏积脓,合理控制手术时间和灌注液量,以降低术后患者发热的发生率。

Analysis of correlative factors of fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy*

Abstract: Objective To evaluate and study percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) related factors in the treatment of renal calculi caused postoperative fever and its prevention measures. Methods Making a retrospective analysis of the clinical records of 150 patients who underwent PCNL, including age, gender, diabetes history and previous ipsilateral renal surgery, stone type, stone size, whether the complication of upper ureteral stones, preoperative urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis and pyonephrosis, preoperative renal fistula, postoperative centering vein pressure, intraoperative perfusion and the operation time from January 2015 to June 2017. After the operation, the patients were divided into two groups: fever group and non-fever group, and analyzed the related factors of the fever. Results Among the 150 cases, fever occurred in 27 cases after PCNL, taking up 18%. Gender, history of diabetes, staghorn calculi or staghorn stone, stone size, with ureteral calculi, preoperative urine leukocyte count, renal abscess, preoperative renal fistula, postoperative central venous pressure, intraoperative perfusion and operation time between the two groups, the differences that were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Logistic that multivariate analysis showed that female patients with upper ureteral calculi, perfusion, intraoperative volume, preoperative pyonephrosis, long operation time are independent risk factors of fever after operation (OR>1, P < 0.05). Conclusion Routine bacterial culture of urine should be performed before percutaneous nephrolithotomy, urinary tract infection and kidney empyema should be treated thoroughly. The reasonable shorter operative duration and perfusion fluid volume could significantly reduce the incidence of fever after PCNL.