蝶骨卵圆孔的形态学特征及临床意义

目的 探讨蝶骨卵圆孔的局部解剖特点，为相关手术提供形态学参数。方法 15例（30侧）成人颅骨干性标本，进行蝶骨卵圆孔区的形态学观察和测量。2例（4侧）成人颅骨湿标本，观察卵圆孔区组织结构对应关系。结果 卵圆孔呈标准卵圆形25侧（83.33%），圆形3侧（10.00%），裂隙状2侧（6.67%）。左侧卵圆孔前后长度（3.64±0.96）mm，内外宽度（6.72±0.41）mm；右侧卵圆孔前后长度（3.38 ±0.74）mm，内外宽度（7.26±0.38）mm。结论 蝶骨卵圆孔的形态变化不一，术前充分了解卵圆孔解剖学特征，有利于各种穿刺术中的准确定位，提高手术成功率。

Topological features and clinical meanings of oval foramen of sphenoid bone

Objective To explore the topological features of the oval foramen of sphenoid bone in order to provide the tomographic base for surgery related to it. Methods The regions of the oval foramena of sphenoid bones were observed and the measurements among the oval foramena and surrounding structures were carried out in 15 dry adult skulls (30 sides). The corresponding structures of the oval foramena and nerves surrounding them in 2 fresh cadaveric heads. Results The oval foramen was situated in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, lateral to the foramen lacerum, and medial to the spinous foramen. It connected the middle cranial fossa to the infratemporal fossa. The shape of oval foramena were typically oval in 25(83.33%) sides, round in 3 (10.00%) sides and slit-like in 2(6.67%) sides. The mean anteroposterior length of oval foramen was (3.64±0.96) mm on the left side and (3.38±0.74)mm on the right side. Its transverse width was (6.72±0.41)mm on the left side and (7.26±0.38) mm on the right side. The statistical analysis of morphometric measurements showed that the anteroposterior length and transverse width of the oval foramen were insignificantly different between right and left sides. Conclusions The knowledge of topology and possible variations in the morphology of the oval foramen is helpful to preventing the possible injury to the trigeminal nerve during the relative operation and avoiding the postoperative complications.