右美托咪定混合罗哌卡因收肌管阻滞联合全身麻醉用于膝关节镜手术的效果观察

目的观察右美托咪定混合罗哌卡因收肌管阻滞联合全身麻醉在膝关节镜手术中的应用效果及安全性。方法 90例择期单侧膝关节镜手术患者随机分为全麻组(G组)、全麻+罗哌卡因收肌管阻滞组(G+R组)和全麻+右美托咪定混合罗哌卡因收肌管阻滞组(G+DR组),每组各30例。G+R组和G+DR组于麻醉诱导结束后行超声引导下收肌管阻滞,G+R组和G+DR组分别注射0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml和0.375%罗哌卡因混合右美托咪定0.6μg/kg 20 ml。3组全麻诱导置入i-gel喉罩后行机械通气,麻醉维持以瑞芬太尼0.15μg/(kg·min)和异丙酚同时泵注,术中根据脑电双频指数(BIS)值调节异丙酚的泵注速率,维持BIS值45~55。记录自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间和喉罩拔除时间。记录术后1、4、8、12和24 h各时间点静息时、主动功能锻炼(AFE)状态下和持续被动功能锻炼(CPM)状态时疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分;术前、术后1、4、8、12和24 h各时间点股四头肌肌力;术后24 h内解救镇痛药用量。记录收肌管阻滞有关不良事件、心血管不良事件、镇静过度和恶心呕吐的发生情况。结果与G组和G+R组相比,G+DR组自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间和喉罩拔除时间明显缩短(P0.01)。与G组相比,G+R组术后1和4 h静息、AFE和CPM状态下的VAS评分以及术后24 h氟比洛芬酯用量,G+DR组术后1、4、8和12 h静息、AFE和CPM状态下的VAS评分以及术后24 h氟比洛芬酯用量明显降低(均P0.05);与G+R组相比,G+DR组术后8和12 h静息时、AFE状态下和CPM状态下VAS评分以及术后24 h氟比洛芬酯用量均明显降低(P0.01)。3组股四头肌肌力、地佐辛用量和不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 0.6μg/kg右美托咪定混合0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml收肌管阻滞联合全身麻醉用于膝关节镜手术患者麻醉恢复快,可有效改善术后镇痛的效果,且无明显不良反应。

Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine mixed with Ropivacaine for adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery

Abstract: Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Dexmedetomidine mixed with Ropivacaine for adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. Methods Ninety patients underwent elective unilateral arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30 each): general anesthesia group (Group G), general anesthesia + Ropivacaine for adductor canal block group (Group G+R) and general anesthesia + Dexmedetomidine mixed with Ropivacaine for adductor canal block group (Group G+DR). After the end of anesthesia induction, ultrasound-guided adductor canal block was performed in G+R and G+DR groups. In G+R and G+DR groups, 20 ml of 0.375% Ropivacaine and 20 ml of 0.375% Ropivacaine mixed with 0.6 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine were injected, respectively. After the induction of general anesthesia, the i-gel laryngeal mask airway was inserted, and the patients were mechanically ventilated in the two groups. Anesthesia was maintained with Remifentanil 0.15 μg/(kg•min) and Propofol adjusted to maintain BIS between 45 and 55. The time for recovery of spontaneous breathing, emergence time, and time for removal of LMA were recorded. The VAS scores at rest, during active functional exercise (AFE) and continuous passive movement (CPM) were recorded at the following points: 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery. And quadriceps strength was evaluated at the following points: preoperative evaluation, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery. The total consumption of rescue analgesics, complications associated with adductor canal block, and occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events, over-sedation and postoperative nausea and vomiting were also recorded. Results Compared with Group G and Group G+R, the time for recovery of spontaneous breathing, emergence time, and time for removal of LMA were significantly shorter (P < 0.01). Compared with Group G, the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 1 h and 4 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+R, and the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 1 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+DR were lower (all P < 0.05). Compared with Group G+R, the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 8 h and 12 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+DR were lower (P < 0.01). No significant differences were seen among three groups in the terms of quadriceps strength, Dezocine consumption and adverse reactions (P > 0.05). Conclusion 0.6 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine mixed with 0.375% Ropivacaine 20 ml can provide faster recovery from anesthesia and effectively improve postoperative analgesia without inducing obvious adverse reactions when used for adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery.