神经内镜手术与软通道穿刺引流术治疗高血压性脑出血的随机对照研究*

目的比较神经内镜颅内血肿清除术(NEIHE)与软通道血肿穿刺引流术(SCPD)治疗高血压性脑出血(HICH)的临床疗效与预后。方法将2015年1月-2016年12月收治的106例HICH病例按照随机数字法分为神经内镜组(51例,NEIHE方案)与穿刺引流组(55例,SCPD方案),记录手术及并发症指标,比较外周血炎性因子与神经功能缺损评分变化,对比两组术后疗效。结果神经内镜组手术时间和术中失血量高于穿刺引流组[(108.5±33.8)vs(85.8±25.4)min、(54.2±17.7)vs(42.6±14.5)ml,P0.05],但术后48 h血肿清除率和术后总体并发症发生率均明显优于穿刺引流组[(85.8±7.8)%vs(74.7±9.2)%、13.7%vs 29.1%,P0.05]。术后14 d,神经内镜组外周血肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)下降数值均明显高于穿刺引流组[(129.5±33.7)vs(107.8±29.5)pg/ml、(74.3±22.8)vs(56.7±18.2)pg/ml、(32.6±7.5)vs(27.2±6.6)mg/L,P0.05]。术后14 d,神经内镜组美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表评分(NIHSS)下降数值较穿刺引流组更为明显[(13.0±3.8)vs(10.3±3.5),P0.05]。术后6个月,神经内镜组存活病例Barthel指数提高数值明显高于穿刺引流组[(44.8±9.7)vs(39.5±11.2),P0.05]。结论 NEIHE较SCPD治疗HICH虽然手术操作相对复杂,但血肿清除率更彻底,并发症更少,近期疗效及预后均具备明显优势。

Endoscopic hematoma evacuation and soft channel drainage for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage*

Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and prognosis of neural endoscopic intracranial hematoma evacuation (NEIHE) and soft channel puncture drainage (SCPD) in treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). Methods 106 HICH cases from January 2015 to December 2016 were divided into endoscopic group (51 cases, NEIHE scheme) and drainage group (55 cases, SCPD scheme) according to random number, operation and complications indicators were recorded, variations on peripheral inflammatory factors and NIHSS neurological deficit score were compared, meanwhile, clinical efficacies were determined. Results Though the endoscopic group with operative time (108.5 ± 33.8 vs 85.8 ± 25.4) min and intraoperative blood loss (54.2 ± 17.7 vs 42.6 ± 14.5) ml were significantly higher than drainage group (P < 0.05), the endoscopic group associated with a higher hematoma clearance 48 h post operation (85.8 ± 7.8 vs 74.7 ± 9.2) % (P < 0.05) and lower overall complication rate (13.7% vs 29.1%) (P < 0.05). After 14 d, the endoscopic group with the decreased value of peripheral blood TNF-α (129.5 ± 33.7 vs 107.8 ± 29.5) pg/ml, IL-6 (74.3 ± 22.8 vs 56.7 ± 18.2) pg/ml, hs-CRP (32.6 ± 7.5 vs27.2 ± 6.6) mg/L were all significantly higher than the drainage group (P < 0.05). After 14 d, endoscopic group with decreased value of NIHSS score was significantly higher than the drainage group (13.0 ± 3.8 vs 10.3 ± 3.5) (P < 0.05). 6 months after operation, the increased Barthel index in the survivors of endoscopic group was significantly higher than the drainage group (44.8 ± 9.7 vs 39.5 ± 11.2) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Though the NEIHE is more complicated than SCPD in treatment of HICH, the hematoma clearance is more complete, the complications are less, and the short-term efficacy and prognosis with obvious advantages.