颈阔肌肌皮瓣五瓣Z成形术矫治重度肌性斜颈

目的介绍一种安全、实用的重度肌性斜颈修复术。方法以蹼状挛缩突出的胸锁乳突肌为轴，两端分别为胸锁乳突肌的乳突起点和下端锁骨头点，设计3瓣在内下、2瓣在外上的五瓣，每瓣臂跃大致为轴长的一半。局部麻醉下切开皮瓣至颈阔肌下层，直视下锐性分离各肌皮瓣，慎勿使颈阔肌与皮肤脱离，松解蹼状皮肤，即可见已经变细且纤维化的胸锁乳突肌及挛缩的颈鞘、颈浅静脉。于肌肉中点完全切断胸锁乳突肌，两断端回缩，切断并结扎颈浅静脉，松解挛缩的颈鞘，显露出短缩的颈动脉、神经，将头尽量摆正，在注意保护动脉、神经的前提下，松解其周围牵拉的筋膜组织，止血后将肌皮瓣对位缝合覆盖外露的动脉、神经、肌肉组织，放置橡皮引流条包扎固定。结果5例中有1例达到良，4例为中度。皮瓣均成活，效果满意。瘢痕不明显。结论采用颈阔肌肌皮瓣五瓣Z成形术，可良好地纠正同侧肌性斜颈畸形，用颈阔肌覆盖外露的神经、血管，就地取材，既能防止术后肌皮瓣区粘连、局部凹陷畸形，又能确保皮瓣的血供。

Application of platysma muscle flap with five-valve in treatment of severe muscular torticollis

Objective To introduce a safe and practical approach for the treatment of severe muscular torticollis. Methods In an axis of the spasmodic sternocleidomastoid muscle, the author designed a five-valve flap with two valvae inside, which ended at the mastoid point and inferior clavicular part of sternocleidomastoid muscle, respectively. The arm length of each valve was approximately half of its axis. Each valve was separated bluntly in naked eyes in order not to detach the platysma myoides from the skin, and to release the webbed neck. Under the flap, the thinned and fibrosed sternocleidomastoid muscle and spasmodic neck sheath and superficial cervical vein were easily found. The sternocleidomastoid muscle was disconnected at the median point, and the two ends were retracted, the superficial cervical vein was cut and ligated, the neck sheath was released to uncover the spasmodic cervical artery and nerve. The head was right positioned, and then the surrounded fascial tissues were released under the protection of the arteries and veins. The flap was sutured to cover the arteries, veins and muscles. Results Reasonably good effect was achieved in one case and intermediate effects in other 4 cases. Surgical results were satisfactory. All the flaps were survival with insignificant scar formation. Conclusions Webbed skin deformity in the neck can be corrected by using five-valve plastic surgery of platysma myoides, which is able to cover the exposed nerves and vessels. This procedure prevents the adhesion of the operated area, ensures the blood supply of the distal portion of the flap, and also avoids the damage of other tissues in the flap area.