2005年中国西部34县农村婴幼儿辅食添加状况分析

目的]了解中国西部9省市34县农村3岁以下儿童辅食添加的状况.方法]采用横断面调查设计和人口比例抽样法,2005年调查34县获得10655对母与子,通过母亲回顾调查了儿童的辅食添加情况,并与2001年相同的34县的调查结果进行比较.结果]2005年儿童平均从6个月开始添加辅食.2005、2001年4个月以前添加任何辅食的比例分别是29.7%、42.6%,到6月龄时未添加任何辅食的比例分别是9.0%、17.1%.4～6个月开始添加下列辅食的比例分别是谷类59.2%、蛋类54.8%、鲜奶类11.7%、豆制品24.0%、肉类34.1%和蔬菜水果类45.4%.到9个月时,未添加下列各种辅食的儿童的比例分别是谷类10.1%、蛋类23.2%、鲜奶类71.3%、豆制品49.5%、肉类34.1%和蔬菜水果类24.8%.2005年辅食添加的时间、比例和频率明显优于2001年.结论]谷类和蛋类是西部农村儿童普遍添加的辅食,其次为蔬菜水果类、肉类和豆制品;鲜奶类不是儿童普遍添加的辅食.可通过发展经济、营养健康教育,提高母亲的文化水平以及住院分娩来提高适时辅食添加率.适时足量添加豆制品和动物性食品可有效降低儿童营养不良患病率.

The introduction of complementary food of children under the age of three years in rural countries of western China in 2005

Objective I To understand the complementary food of children under the age of three years in rural countries of western China. Methods] Cross-sectional study with probability-proportional-to-size(pps) sampling was used. The information on complementary food was obtained by recall of the child's mother. 10655 children were studied. The data of complementary food in rural countries of western China was compared with those of the children from the survey of same rural countries in 2001. Results] In 2005, it was at 6th months old for children to start complementary food on average. The percents of babies had begun to take any foods before 4 months old in 34 counties sample in 2005 were 29. 7%, and 42. 6% in 34 counties sample in 2001; The percents of babies did not take any foods at age of 6 months were 9. 0% in 34 counties sample in 2005, and 17. 1% in 34 counties sample in 2001. In 2005 from 4 to 6 months the percents of starting complementary foods were 59. 2% for cereal, 54. 8% for eggs, 11. 7% for milk, 24. 0% for bean products, 34. 1% for meat and 45.4% for vegetables and fruits respectively; at 9 months 10.1%, 23.2%, 71.3%, 49.5%, 34.1% and 24. 8% of babies had not begun to take cereal, eggs, milk, bean products, meat and vegetables and fruits respectively. In 2005 the 34 study counties sample showed the time, proportions and frequencies of complementary foods were better than in 34 study counties sample in 2001. Conclusion] Cereal and eggs were popular complementary foods in this survey, vegetables and fruits, meat and bean products were secondary, it is not popular that the children take milk in this survey. The economy, health education and delivery in hospital should be strengthen. The mothers should be educated on how to raise their children. In order to reduce prevalence of malnutrition, it is important that improving proportions and frequencies of timely bean products and animal foods respectively.