肾癌靶向治疗药物的研究进展

肾细胞癌的发病率占恶性肿瘤的2%，传统的治疗方法是使用细胞因子(干扰素或者白介素-2)，但这些免疫治疗生存优势小，疗效有限，需要开发更有效的药物。肾癌分子生物学的研究，揭示血管内皮生长因子和相关受体以及RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK和PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号传导通路与肾癌的发病密切相关，这些受体和通路促进了肿瘤细胞的生长和增殖。最近开发的药物，包括酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、单克隆抗体和mTOR抑制剂，能靶向作用于肾癌的酪氨酸激酶和细胞内通路，产生抗肿瘤作用。文中总结了肾癌发病的分子生物学机制，靶向治疗药物的作用机制以及临床评价的研究进展。

Progress in targeted therapeutic agents for renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2% of all malignancies. RCC has traditionally been treated with cytokines (interferon or interleukin-2). Immunotherapy results in a small overall survival advantage in metastatic RCC, and the therapeutic effects have historically been limited. There is a need to develop more effective drugs. In the molecular biology of RCC, the vascular endothelial growth factor and its related receptor, and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction pathways are involved in renal carcinogenesis. These signaling pathways and tyrosine kinase receptor lead to proliferation and growth of tumor cells. We have recently developed agents, including multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibody and mTOR inhibitors. These agents target the receptor tyrosine kinases and intracellular pathways, and show antitumor effects. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of the RCC molecular biology, the mechanism and clinical evaluation of targeted therapy agents.