腹腔镜右半结肠切除术外科间隙的解剖学观察

目的探讨腹腔镜右半结肠切除术（LRC）相关筋膜和间隙的局部解剖学特点。方法对7具尸体和49例接受LRC的患者进行解剖学观察：比较腹部健康者和结肠癌患者的CT影像资料。结果在升结肠系膜和肾前筋膜之间存在各向交通的右结肠后间隙：其前、后、中线侧、外侧、头侧和尾侧边界分别为升结肠系膜、各向延续的肾前筋膜、肠系膜上静脉、右结肠旁沟腹膜反折、十二指肠水平部下缘和肠系膜根下缘。在横结肠系膜和胰十二指肠之间．存在横结肠后间隙．其头侧以横结肠系膜根为界。在横结肠系膜和大网膜之间,存在胃结肠系膜间间隙。在CT影像上。正常肾前筋膜是与腹横筋膜相延续的等密度细线,右结肠后间隙无法辨认;但对于右侧结肠癌患者,肾前筋膜和右结肠后间隙可能受侵犯而较易辨认。结论右结肠后间隙和横结肠后间隙对于LRC是天然外科间隙．‘肾前筋膜是天然外科平面。

Anatomical observation on surgical spaces related to laparoscopic right hemicolectomy

Objective To explore regional anatomy of fasciae and spaces related to laparoscopic right hemieoleetomy （LRC）. Methods Seven cadavers and 49 patients undergoing LRC for cancer were observed. Computed tomography （CT） images of patients and healthy individuals were reviewed. Results Between ascending rnesocolon and prerenal fascia （PRF）, there was a right retrocolic space （RRCS）, which communicated in all directions. Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, cranial, and caudal boundaries of the RRCS were ascending mesocolon, PRF, superior mesenteric vein, peritoneal reflexion at right paracolic suleus, inferior margin of transverse part of duodenum, and inferior margin of the mesentery root, respectively. Between transverse mesocolon and pancreas and duodenum, there was a transverse retrocolic space （TRCS）, which was bounded cranially by root of transverse mesocolon. On CT images of healthy individuals, PRF was noted as slender line of middle density, continuing to transverse fascia, and the retrocolic spaces were unidentifiable. For patients with right colon cancer, PRF and right retrocolic space might be easier to be identified. Conclusions The RRCS and the TRCS are natural surgical spaces. The PRF is natural surgical plane in LRC for cancer.