精神分裂症患者眼动特征及其相关因素研究

目的：了解精神分裂症患者视觉搜索眼动特征及影响因素。方法：运用Eyelink2000眼动仪，记录113例精神分裂症患者（患者组）和180名健康对照（正常对照组）基于找数字、数字连线、迷宫5种任务的眼动数据并进行分析；测试前对患者组进行阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）的评定。结果：协方差分析显示，患者组找数字中的刺激持续时间（F=5．198）、数字连线中的平均注视时间（F=16．676）、刺激持续时间（F=15．480）、总注视次数（F=6．349）、眼跳次数（F=6．446）以及迷宫中的平均注视时间（F=16．920）均明显高于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。相关分析显示，患者组PANSS阴性量表分与迷宫的平均注视时间（r=0．224）、反应缺乏因子与数字连线的眼跳次数（r=0．187）、抑郁因子与迷宫的平均眼跳幅度（r=0．195）均呈正相关（P〈0．05）；偏执因子与找数字的平均眼跳幅度（r=-0．190）、补充因子与数字连线的刺激持续时间（r=-0．251）、总注视次数（r=-0．234）及眼跳次数（r=-0．237）均呈负相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：精神分裂症患者眼动特征异常；提示注意功能、思维灵活性、推理和问题解决能力可能受损；且与某些临床症状相关。

Eye movement characteristics and related factors of schizophrenic patients

Objective： The purpose of this paper is to understand the eye movement characteristics and influential factors of visual search of schizophrenic patients. Method：Eyelink 2000 was used to record the eye movement data from 113 schizophrenic patients （patient group） and a control group of 180 healthy people （control group） based in number searching,number connection,and labyrinth tasks. Before the experiment, the assessment of both positive and negative syaldrome scale （PANSS） was conducted on the patient group. Results： The covariance analysis indicated that the stimulation duration of the patient group was longer than the control group （ F = 5. 198 ） in number searching task ; the average gazing duration （ F = 16. 676 ） , stimulation duration （F = 15. 480） , total number of times of gazing （ F = 6. 349） , and times of saccadic eye movement （F = 6. 446）,the average gazing duration in labyrinth task （F = 16. 920 ） of the patient group were all higher than those of the control group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. The negative scale of PANSS of the patient group was in positive correlation with the average gazing duration in labyrinth task （ r = 0. 224） ; the lack of response factor was in positive correlation with the times of saccadic eye movement in number connection task （r = 0. 187） ;the depression factor was in positive correlation with the average amplitude of saccadie eye movement in labyrinth task （r =0. 195） ;the paranoid factor was in negative correlation with the average amplitude of saccadic eye movement in number searching task （r = -0. 190 ） ;the supplement factor was in negative correlation with the stimulation duration （ r = - 0.251 ）, the total number of times of gazing （ r = - 0. 234 ） and the times of sac- cadic eye movement （ r = - O. 237 ） in number connection task （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： The eye movement of schizophrenic patients was abnormal, indicating possible impairment of the concentration function, thinking flexibility, reasoning and problem solving ability. This is also associated with certain clinical syndromes.