AmpC酶和超广谱β-内酰胺酶在阴沟肠杆菌中的表达及对其耐药性的影响

目的：研究AmpC酶和超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）在阴沟肠杆菌中的流行情况及对其耐药性的影响。方法：琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,三维试验、等电聚焦电泳、接合试验及聚合酶链反应分析耐药菌的产酶情况。结果：106株阴沟肠杆菌中,单纯高产AmpC酶者、单纯产ESBL者、高产AmpC酶并产ESBL者分别占16.0％、10.4％、13.2％。CTX-M型和SHV型ESBL的检出率分别为17.0％（18/106）和6.6％（7/106）。碳青霉烯类抗生素对阴沟肠杆菌均有很好的抗菌活性(MIC90≤2цg/ml)。单纯高产AmpC酶菌对头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、庆大霉素和环丙沙星的敏感率均超过70％;单纯产ESBL菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、环丙沙星和阿米卡星的敏感率均超过60％;高产AmpC酶并产ESBL菌对除碳青霉烯类外的其他抗生素的敏感率均低于25％。结论：CTX-M型ESBL已经在阴沟肠杆菌中流行。产ESBL和高产AmpC酶同样是导致阴沟肠杆菌对第3代头孢菌素耐药的重要原因。ESBL在高产AmpC酶菌株中的流行增强了此类菌株的耐药性。

The expression of AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and its impact on antibiotics susceptibility

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of AmpC beta-lactamases and ESBL among clinical isolates of E. cloacae and its impact on antibiotic susceptibility. METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by standard agar dilution procedures. beta-lactamases of the isolates with decreased susceptibilities to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxon or aztreonam were investigated by three-dimensional extract tests, isoelectric focusing overlay technique, conjugation experiments and PCR. RESULTS: Among 106 E. cloacae isolates, 16.0% produced only high-level AmpC beta-lactamases, 10.4% produced only ESBL, 13.2% produced both high-level AmpC beta-lactamases and ESBL. 18 isolates (17.0%) carried CTX-M-type ESBL and 7 isolates (6.6%) carried SHV-type ESBL. All carbapenems showed high activity against E. cloacae strains (MIC90