射频消融术治疗小儿间隔部位心动过速的临床研究

目的　通过回顾 98例心动过速患儿在间隔部位的放电消融过程 ,总结儿童间隔部位射频消融术的经验。方法　 98例心动过速患儿 ,平均年龄 ( 8 1± 2 3)岁 ,体重 ( 2 8± 9)kg ,房室结内折返性心动过速 (AVNRT) 6 2例、间隔部位房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT) 2 5例、Koch三角内房速 (AT)3例和左室间隔部室性心动过速 (ILVT) 8例。常规行心内电生理检查 (EPS)和射频消融术 (RFCA)。右侧消融可视情况使用Swartz长鞘 ,帮助固定到位温控射频导管。在窦性心律时采取“能量滴定”和“时间递增”法放电消融。即放电时可采用逐渐增加输出功率及放电时间的方法。结果　 98例全部成功消融 ,终止了心动过速。 11例 ( 11% )术后复发性心动过速 ,10例再次行射频消融术也成功终止了发作。并发症 :1例后间隔部AVRT术中出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞 (AVB) ,不能恢复正常心律 ,2周后放置心内膜永久起搏器。结论　儿童间隔部位范围狭小 ,心内膜层薄 ,房室结较脆弱 ,术中稍有不慎 ,易造成不可逆转的Ⅲ度AVB。所以在儿童间隔部位行EPS和RFCA要慎重。采用如下操作方法可减少儿童病例射频消融术中的失误 :( 1)操作轻柔 ;( 2 )窦性心律放电 ;( 3)采用“能量滴定”和“时间递增”法 ;( 4 )加用Swartz长鞘固定射频导管 ;( 5 )采用温控导管 ;(

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of septum originated tachycardia in children

OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to analyze retrospectively the results of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) on septum originated tachycardia in children with arrhythmia. The 98 children were all treated with RFCA on septum originated tachycardia in which the ablation sites were located near the bundle of His. METHODS: Fifty female and forty-eight male cases were included in this analysis. They were at the age of 8.1 +/- 2.3 years and their body weight was (28 +/- 9) kg. The arrhythmia they suffered from consisted of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) (n = 62), atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) on septum (n = 25), atria Itachycardia on Koch areas (n = 3) and left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) on the septum (n = 8). Swartz SRO long sheath was used on the right site ablation. Titration of capacity and degreed time of increase were used in the ablation. RESULTS: Radiofrequency ablation was successful in all cases. Eleven cases had relapse after the procedure. They accepted RFCA again and then the treatment succeeded. One case of AVRT at the posterior septum experienced complete atrioventricular block (AVB) during ablation. Two weeks later this case was implanted with permanent pacemaker. CONCLUSIONS: The septal site is narrow and small in children. Atrioventricular node is tender. If the above facts were neglected, it was very likely to cause AVB, especially in children accepting the procedures of electrophysiologic study an RFCA on the septal site. Attention should be paid to the followings during such procedures: ablation in the sinus rhythm; ablation following the principle, titration of capacity and degreed time of increase; ablation at the right site long sheath; thermo-ablation catheter application and ablation on the two sides of septum in the posterior septum ablation procedure. The end-point of ablation in children should be the elimination of tachycardia and the delta wave, disassociation of VA or passing through bundle of His at pacing in the ventricle, disappearance of jumping conduction or no echo or one echo but without AVNRT after infusion of isoprenaline and stimulation procedure. Avoiding bundle of His injury is important during the procedure of ablation in children.