3D-TOF-MRA诊断偏侧面肌痉挛、三叉神经痛的病因

目的　研究增强三维体积扫描时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像 (3D -TOF -MRA)对偏侧面肌痉挛 (HFS)、三叉神经痛 (TN)病因诊断的临床价值。方法　常规颅脑MRI及增强 3D -TOF -MRA脑干薄层扫描 48例HFS患者和 46名对照、42例TN患者和 40名对照 ,盲法诊断面神经、三叉神经根部解剖改变 ,患者组与各自对照组作对照分析。结果　 (1)HFS、TN患者症状侧面神经根部、三叉神经根部受压迫 45侧 (93 .8% )和 3 6侧 (85 .7% ) ,其中血管压迫 44侧 (91.7% )和 3 2侧 (76.2 % ) ,肿瘤压迫 1侧 (2 .1% )和 4侧(8.9% ) ;无症状侧受血管压迫 8侧 (16.7% )和 4侧 (9.5 % ) ;对照组双侧受压迫 4侧 (4 .4% )和 5侧 (6.3 % )。 (2 )常见压迫面神经的血管为小脑前下动脉 (AICA) 17侧 (3 8.6% ) ,小脑后下动脉 (PICA) 12侧 (2 7.3 % ) ,椎动脉 (VA) 6侧 (13 .6% ) ;压迫三叉神经的血管为小脑上动脉 (SCA) 18侧 (5 6.3 % ) ,小脑前下动脉 (AICA) 5侧 (15 .6% ) ,起源不清的血管 (DIV) 4侧 (12 .5 % )。 (3 )面神经根部、三叉神经根部血管压迫发生HFS、TN的相对危险度估计值为 2 6.6和 9.84。 (4 )手术证实面肌痉挛组 3例、三叉神经痛组 6例神经血管压迫 ,面肌痉挛组 1例、三叉神经痛组 4例肿瘤压迫神经。结论　MRI加增强 3D -TOF -MRA

3D-TOF MRA in the Etiologic Diagnosis of Hemifacial Spasm and Trigeminal Neuralgia

Objective To study the clinical significance of 3 dimensional time of flight magnetic resonance angiography(3D-TOF-MRA) for the pathogenesis of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia(TN).Methods 48 patients with HFS and 46 patients without HFS and 42 patients with TN and 40 patients without TN were examined by MRI and 3D-TOF-MRA by the enhancement of DTPA. Diagnosis of the presence of compressions in the root exit zone(REZ) of facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were done by two radiologists on an independent console. Results (1)In the patients, compression of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were detected on 45 spastic sides (93.8%,neurovascular on 44 sides and tumor on 1 side) and 36 spastic sides ( 85.7%,neurovascular on 32 sides and tumor on 4 sides ), 8 and 4 on the asymptomatic sides (16.7% and 9.5%, all neurovascular ). In the controls, 4 and 5 sides ( 4.4% and 6.3% ) were found in the compression of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves. ( 2 ) The offending vessels of compression of the REZ of the facial nerves were the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 17 cases ( 38.6% ), the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 12 cases (27.3%), the vertebral artery (VA) in 6 cases (13.6%). The offending vessels of compression of the REZ of the trigeminal nerves were the superior cerebellar artery ( SCA ) in 18 cases ( 56.3% ), the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 5 cases (15.6%), the difficult identified vessels (DIV) in 4 cases (12.5%). (3)The relative risks of microvascular compressions which cause HFS and TN were 26.6 and 9.84. (4) The compressions of the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves were proved in 4 cases (neurovascular 3 cases and tumor 1 case) and 10 cases (neurovascular 6 cases and tumor 4 casee) in the operation.Conclusion MRI and enhanced 3D-TOF-MRA appeare to be the best imaging technology for the pathogenesis of HFS and TN now. The major causes of HFS and TN may be different neurovascular compressions in the REZ of the facial nerves and trigeminal nerves, some cases are caused by tumor compression.