杀螺药溴乙酰胺在各类血吸虫病流行区扩大应用的研究

目的：为杀螺药溴乙酰胺的推广应用提供科学依据。方法：调查４省２８个县市使用溴乙酰胺灭螺的情况，并观察湖草滩大面积喷洒溴乙酰胺的灭螺效果及对湖草和鱼类的影响。结果：溴乙酰胺对各类环境的钉螺都有良好的杀灭作用，对土层钉螺和螺卵也有良好的杀灭作用。其推广应用的合适剂量为喷洒法１．５－２ｇ／ｍ２，浸杀法１．５－２ｇ／ｍ３，铲草皮沿边药浸法１．５－２ｇ／ｍ。使用溴乙酰胺灭螺可确保养鱼水域鱼类的安全，具有明显的社会效益和经济效益。喷洒灭螺剂量对稻苗无毒害，对湖草叶片有一定影响，但可迅速返青、生长。结论：溴乙酰胺是一种安全、高效、适用于各类环境的杀螺药物。

STUDIES ON EXTENSIVE APPLICATION OF BROMOACETAMIDE IN VARIOUS TYPES OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ENDEMIC AREA

AIM: To provide scientific basis for the popularization and application of molluscide bromoacetamide. METHODS: Large scale application of bromoacetamide in twenty eight counties of four provinces was investigated and its molluscicidal effect in marshland and influence on marshland grass (Cyperus) and fishes were observed. RESULTS: High molluscicidal effect of bromoacetamide was found against both snails and snail eggs in various environments. According to the results observed in different fields, the applicable dosage of bromoacetamide is 1.5-2 g/m2 for spraying method, 1.5-2 g/m3 for immersing method and 1.5-2 g/m for immersing in combination with shovelling the turf along the bank. When it was applied in fish-raising ponds or rivers at an applicable dosage, no toxic effect on fishes was found. The spraying dosage of bromoacetamide did not affect the rice seedling but it did some damage to the leaf-tips of marshland grass, however, the grass did turn green and grow. CONCLUSION: Bromoacetamide has proved to be a safe and effective mulluscicde against Oncomelania under various field conditions.