激光致黄斑损伤的临床分析

目的：：探讨激光意外损伤视网膜对视力和黄斑的影响。方法：回顾性非对照性病例研究。回顾分析解放军第四七四医院眼科自2014-01/2015-06视网膜激光损伤患者11例11眼。患者初诊时行视力、最佳矫正视力( best corrected visual acuity, BCVA)、黄斑OCT检查,必要时行眼底荧光血管造影、视野、多焦ERG等检查。根据病情采用对症支持治疗和玻璃体手术等。初诊后1、3、6 mo复查行视力、BCVA和黄斑OCT等检查。结果：本组病例中,18岁以下者8例(73%)均为男性,均因玩耍激光笔致黄斑损伤；18岁以上者3例(27%),因工作原因致激光损伤。激光损伤眼 BCVA≤0.3者10眼(91%)；BCVA≥0.3者1眼(9%)。黄斑裂孔者10眼(91%),均为全层黄斑裂孔,直径224~519μm。黄斑区RPE损伤伴IS/OS损伤1眼(9%)。黄斑裂孔伴周边牵拉或囊样水肿者6眼(55%),行闭合式玻璃体手术治疗；而黄斑裂孔稳定者4眼(36%)和RPE损伤者1眼(9%)给予保守治疗；6眼黄斑裂孔手术者,裂孔闭合1眼(17%),手术后复诊时黄斑裂孔周边视网膜囊样水肿消退,裂孔稳定5眼(83%)。4眼黄斑裂孔观察者和1眼RPE损伤观察者随访期内稳定。但所有患者经积极治疗后视力均无明显改善。结论：激光意外损伤视网膜后患者视力明显下降,主要损伤黄斑区,且治疗后视力无明显改善。

Analysis on macula injury caused by laser

?AIM: To discuss the effect of laser exposure on visual acuity and macula.?METHODS: Retrospective and consecutive case series. A retrospective analysis of 11 patients (11 eyes) with laser retinal injury was carried out from January 2014 to June 2015 in Ophthalmology Department of No. 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA. All individuals underwent visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( SD-OCT) for macular at first visit, and fundus fluorescein angiography ( FFA ) , visual field, and multifocal electroretinogram ( mf ERG ) were perform if necessary. Symptomatic therapies, supportive therapies and pars plana vitrectomy ( PPV ) were performed depended on the patient’s condition. The patients were followed-up at 1, 3 and 6mo after the first visit, and patients were undertaken visual acuity, BCVA, macular SD-OCT and so on.?RESULTS: Eight patients ( 73%) were under 18 years old and all patients were young males, who were injured by laser pointers when playing. Three patients ( 27%) over 18 years old were injured accidentally at work. Ten (91%) patients’ BCVA were ≤0. 3, while one ( 9%) patient’s BCVA was higher ≥0. 3. Full-thickness macular holes ( the diameter 224-519 μm ) were detected in 10 patients (91%), while sub-foveal RPE changes and IS/OS injury in 1 patient ( 9%) . Macular hole with traction or cystoid edema in 6 eyes (55%) were received PPV, while the other 5 eyes ( 4 eyes with stable macular hole and 1 eyes with RPE injury ) received conservative treatment. Macular hole closed successfully in 1 eye ( 17%) after PPV, while macular hole in the other 5 eyes ( 83%) were stable after PPV of which the cystoid edema faded. The 4 patients with macular hole and 1 patient with RPE injury were stable during follow-up period. However, the BCVA in all patients had no significant improvement at end.?CONCLUSION: Exposure to laser devices could lead to severe macula injury that could reduce central vision, which is permanent.