青岛开发区沿海社区50 岁以上人群白内障流行病学调查

目的：通过对青岛开发区沿海社区50 岁以上人群白内障的患病及治疗情况进行调查，了解该地区白内障流行病学状况。方法：调查研究。在2013 年2 月到2015 年1 月期间采用整群随机抽样方法，调查青岛开发区沿海社区9 028 例50 岁以上居民年龄相关性白内障患病情况，通过制订统一的检查方法和诊断标准，固定普查人员深入到社区集中检查。采用χ2 检验对结果进行统计学分析。结果：9 028例接受调查，共发现白内障患者2 008例，患病率为22.24%。70岁以上人群白内障患病率（60.03%）与70岁以下人群（12.70%）相比明显较高，差异有统计学意义（χ2=1 882，P <0.001）；女性患病率（27.11%）明显高于男性（17.05%）（ χ2=132，P <0.01）。糖尿病患者白内障患病率为66.94%，高于非糖尿病者（21.01%）（ χ2=154，P <0.01）。本次调查中发现白内障盲人166例，其中114例已经接受手术，白内障盲人手术覆盖率为68.67%。白内障盲人社会负担率为1.84%，不同年龄段社会负担率不同，随着年龄增长，白内障盲人社会负担率增加（χ2=154，P <0.01），优势比为5.83。结论：白内障目前仍然是致盲的主要原因，社会上还有大量的白内障盲人得不到及时有效的治疗，给社会和家庭带来较重的负担，白内障复明工作任重而道远。

An Epidemiological Survey of Cataracts among Adults Aged above 50 Years in Coastal Communities of Qingdao Development Zone

Objective: To investigate the incidence and treatment of cataracts among adults aged above 50 in the Qingdao coastal areas, and to identify the epidemiology of cataracts in this area. Methods: In this investigative study, cluster sampling was used in randomly selected coastal communities in the Qingdao development zone from February 2013 to January 2015. Inhabitants over 50 years of age in the region underwent visual acuity and eye examinations, including the evaluation of lens status and cataract surgical status. Uniform standards and fixed census takers were used in this survey. The results were statistically analyzed by χ2 test methods. Results: In a total of 9 028 inhabitants, 2 008 cases of cataract were found among those above 50 years of age who had participated in the survey. The incidence rate of cataract was 22.24%. The incidence of cataract was higher in people over 70 years of age (60.03% vs.12.70%) and in females (27.11% vs.17.05%)(χ2=1 882, P <0.001; χ2=132, P <0.01). The incidence rate of cataract in people with diabetes was 66.94%, which was higher than the incidence rate in non-diabetic patients. There were166 patients in the survey whose visual acuity in the fellow eye was <0.05. The cataract surgical coveragerate was 68.67%. The social burden rate of cataract blindness was 1.84%. The social burden rate was higher in the aged, and the odds ratio was 5.83 (χ2=154, P <0.01). Conclusion: The leading cause of blindness in the survey is cataract. Cataract blindness is an area that is greatly lacking in both timely and effective treatment, and this creates a heavier burden on families and society. Much still needs to be done in cataract work.