铁缺乏与儿童执行功能的研究进展

铁缺乏(iron deficiency,ID)和缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia,IDA)是全球一种常见的单一营养缺乏症,尤其多见于孕妇及婴幼儿。早期缺铁通过影响大脑神经代谢、神经递质及髓鞘化而影响儿童的神经认知功能和行为,包括以工作记忆、抑制性控制、认知灵活度为主要成分的执行功能的发展。执行功能是高级认知功能,其发展在儿童出生后1~2年时达高峰,可能存在着铁依赖的发育关键期。了解儿童执行功能的发展,并弄清其铁依赖的发育关键期,对制定早期预防铁缺乏的公共卫生策略具有重要的意义。

Research progress of executive function in children with iron deficiency

Iron deficiency (ID) or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most commom form of nutrient deficiency worldwide.It's highly prevalent in pregnant women and infants.Early ID affects brain metabolism,neurotransmitters and myelination.Consequently,it affects nerve cognitive function and behavior such as working memory,inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility that is the main component of executive function.Executive function is senior congitive function and develops quickly to top in children born after 1~2 years,there may be an iron-dependent crucial period.To understand the development of children's executive function and find out the most important development window will benefit public health prevention strategies of early iron deficiency.