ASD与ADHD患儿基本面部表情识别特点研究

目的 测试孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童、注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童和正常儿童对基本面部表情的识别能力,探讨孤独症谱系障碍儿童面部表情识别障碍特点。方法 采用计算机系统对32例ASD儿童和32例ADHD儿童和32例正常儿童进行测试, 以反应时长、正确率为分析指标,三组儿童在发展年龄上进行匹配。结果 1)ASD组和ADHD组相比,两组对高兴、愤怒情绪的注视时间差异无统计学意义(t=1.04、0.16,P>0.05);ASD组对悲伤、惊讶、恐惧的注视时间均短于对ADHD组,差异有统计学意义(t=1.83、1.79 、2.96,P<0.05)。ASD组和ADHD 组对各表情的平均注视时间均短于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)ASD组对高兴、愤怒识别正确率与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.318、0.067,P>0.05 );ASD组的悲伤、惊讶、恐惧的识别率低于正常组(χ²=0.428、8.532、5.455 ,P<0.05);ADHD组仅对恐惧的识别率低于正常组(χ²=5.406,P<0.05);ADHD对其他几种情绪的识别率与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05 )。结论 ASD儿童的面部表情识别障碍不仅仅源于视觉注意减少;ASD患儿的情绪识别障碍主要体现在对悲伤、惊讶、恐惧的情绪的识别中,对高兴、愤怒的识别率相对较高。

Study on the characteristics of the basic facial expression recognition in autism spectrum disorder spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children

Objective To test the ability of the face recognition of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) disorder,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and normal children.To explore the characteristics of facial expression recognition disorder in ASD children. Methods Totally 32 children with ASD,32 children with ADHD and 32 normal children were matched at the age of development.They were tested with the emotional expressions recognition software system developed in this research with took the response time and the correct rate were taken as the analysis indexes. Results 1) There was no significant difference in the response time of gaze between the Sadism and ADHD group,while happy and angry were tested (t=1.04,0.16,P>0.05).The ASD group showed significant difference in sadness,surprise and fear (t=1.83,1.79,2.96,P<0.05) with ADHD group.The average duration of attention was significantly shorter in ASD group and ADHD group than in normal group (P<0.05).2)There were no significant differences in the recognition rate of happiness,angry between ASD group and normal group (χ²=0.318,0.067,P>0.05 ).The recognition rates of sadness,surprise and fear in ASD group were lower than those in normal group(χ²=0.428,8.532,5.455,P<0.05);ADHD group had lower recognition rate of fear than normal group(χ²=5.406,P<0.05);Other kinds of emotion recognition rate of ADHD was no significant difference with the normal group (P>0.05). Conclusion ASD children face recognition disorder is not only due to reduced visual attention;ASD children with emotional disorders mainly reflected in the sadness,surprise,fear of emotion recognition.Recognition rate of happiness,and angry is relatively high.