泉州市盲校学生视力损伤病因

目的：探讨泉州市盲校学生视力损伤的病因及残余视力的情况。方法：横断面研究。在2016 年期间对泉州盲校126 名低视力和盲学生进行病史采集，应用眼科常规检查方法对其行全面的眼科检查，并对学生的主要病因进行诊断和分析。结果：60 名盲学生的病因中：早产儿视网膜病变居第1 位，占23.3%（14 例），角膜变性和视神经萎缩均列第2 位，各占13.3%（8 例），第4 位为先天性青光眼占11.7%（7例）。66名低视力学生的病因中，先天性白内障居首位，占27.3%（18例），眼球震颤为第2位，占13.7%（9 例），视神经萎缩为第3 位，占10.6%（7 例），角膜变性为第4 位，占9.1%（6 例）。结论：泉州市盲校的126 名学生中，先天性或遗传性疾病是导致视力损伤的主要原因，早产儿视网膜病变是致盲的首要病因，而先天性白内障是导致低视力的主要原因。

The Causes of Visual Acuities Injury at the Quanzhou Blind School

Objective: To analyze the causes of blindness and residual vision at the Quanzhou Blind School and provide information to help prevent childhood blindness and low vision. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of all the students (n=126) at the Quanzhou Blind School. All students received routine ophthalmology examinations. A detailed individual-level questionnaire was administered that addressed the causes of blindness and low vision. Results: Among the 126 students, 66 had low vision, and 60 were blind. The major causes of blindness were retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (23.3%), corneal degeneration (13.3%), optic nerve atrophy (13.3%), and congenital glaucoma (11.7%). The major causes of low vision were congenital cataract (27.3%), nystagmus (13.7%), optic nerve atrophy (10.6%), and corneal degeneration(9.1%). Conclusions: Congenital or hereditary diseases were the leading causes of vision loss at the Quanzhou Blind School. ROP was the principle cause of blindness. Most low vision cases were due to congenital cataract.