孤独症谱系障碍男童智力结构特征的分析

目的 分析孤独症谱系障碍男童智力特征,为诊断和临床干预提供依据。方法 对2015年6月-2017年6月就诊于上海市精神卫生中心的95例4~16岁ASD男童进行评估,工具为中国韦氏幼儿智力量表第四版(WPPSI-Ⅳ)和韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-Ⅳ)。结果 ASD男童的总智商分布从智力低下至超常,40%男童知觉推理指数分布在85～114为主,而总智商和其他指数以低于70为主。在分测验中,7～16岁组知觉推理分测验中,积木得分高于其他分测验(F=4.454,P=0.013);工作记忆分测验中,“背数”高于“字母-数字”(t=2.285,P=0.026)。智力均衡性方面,4～6岁组工作记忆指数高于加工速度指数(t=3.453,P=0.002);7～16岁组知觉推理指数均高于言语理解指数(t=2.542,P=0.013),而在两组中,一般能力指数均高于认知效率指数(t=3.385,3.467,P＜0.01)。结论 ASD男童存在智力发展不均衡,在重视言语训练的同时,要加强认知效率的训练。

Analysis of intelligence profile in boys with autism spectrum disorder

Objective To explore the intellectual profiles of boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods A total of 95 boys aged 4 to 16 years with ASD diagnosed in Shanghai Mental Health Center from June 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled in this study.All of the boys were questionnaired by the Chinese version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence -Ⅳ (WPPSI-Ⅳ) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Ⅳ (WISC-Ⅳ). Results The IQ of boys with ASD ranged from impaired to gifted.The perceptual reasoning index (PRI) was between 85~114 for forty percent of the boys,while Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and other index scores were mainly lower than 70.For the subtests,Block design was higher than other subtests of PRI (F=4.454,P=0.013).Digit span scored higher than Letter-Number subtest in Working Memory Index (WMI)(t=2.285,P=0.026) for 7~16 years group.WMI scored higher than Processing Speed Index (PSI) in 4~6 years old group (t=3.453,P=0.002),and the PRI was higher than verbal comprehension index (VCI) for the boys aged 7~16 years old(t=2.542,P=0.013).General ability index (GAI) was higher than cognitive proficiency index (CPI) in the two groups (t=3.385,t=3.467,P<0.01). Conclusion The intelligence structures of children with ASD are imbalanced,indicating that CPI should be trained while language is trained.