伊宁市中小学生近视遗传度分析

目的 了解伊宁市中小学生近视与遗传的关系,为能有效防治提供参考依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,在2015-2016年对伊宁市随机抽样的6所学校(市区和镇区各3所)进行问卷调查及视力筛查;采用SPSS 19.0软件及Falconer法进行统计分析。结果 2 879名学生中,近视学生997名(占34.6%);不同族别、不同性别、不同学习阶段的学生近视患病分布情况的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);近视学生二级亲属遗传度高于一级亲属遗传度,重度近视学生的遗传度较高(0.560 4±0.066 3);汉族学生遗传度(0.487 1±0.026 5)高于维族学生、女生遗传度(0.487 1±0.026 5)高于男生、小学生遗传度(0.611 9±0.045 0)高于中学生。结论 有近视家族史的学生比无家族史的学生更容易发生近视。

Heritability analysis of myopia among primary and middle school students in Yining City

Objective To understand the relationship between myopia and genetic of primary and middle school students in Yining. Methods By a randomized cluster sampling method,in 2015-2016 in Yining City,a random sample of 6 schools (urban and Township 3) conducted a questionnaire survey and vision screening; statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19.0 software and Falconer method. Results Totally 997 students myopia among 2 879 students (34.6%) were investigated;There were statistically significant differences in prevalence of myopia in different nationality,different genders,different stages of learning (P<0.05);The heritability of secondary students was higher than that of first-degree relatives,while that of severe myopia was higher (0.560 4±0.066 3).Han students heritability (0.487 1±0.026 5) was higher than that of Uygur students,female students heritability (0.487 1±0.026 5) was higher than that of male students,pupils heritability (0.611 9±0.045 0) was higher than middle school students. Conclusion Students who have a family history of myopia are more likely to be short sighted than those without family history.