青海省果洛藏族自治州班玛县肝棘球蚴病流行病学调查

目的 调查青海省果洛藏族自治州班玛县肝棘球蚴病的流行情况，旨在为该地区肝棘球蚴病的防治提供参考。方法 2014年7~8月对班玛县所属的5个乡镇中的2~3个自然村（每个乡）4岁及以上的常住居民通过调查问卷进行调查，并进行腹部B超检查。调查结果利用 SPSS 18.0 软件进行统计学分析。结果 共有1 801人接受此次调查，B超检出肝棘球蚴病患者共217例（12.05%），其中囊型棘球蚴病（hepatic cystic enchinococcosis，HCE）47例、泡型棘球蚴病（hepatic alveolar enchinococcosis，HAE）170例，差异有统计学意义（χ2=74.12，P<0.001）。B超检出肝棘球蚴病男性患者61例，女性患者156例，差异有统计学意义（χ2=15.00，P<0.001）。不同职业中牧民检出率最高（19.91%），职业间检出率差异有统计学意义（χ2=71.73，P<0.001）。不同地区之间HCE和HAE的检出率差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。结论 青海省班玛县存在较为严重的囊型和泡型肝棘球蚴病的流行（尤其在达卡乡人群），该地区50~59岁、女性和牧民是泡型肝棘球蚴病的高危人群。

Epidemiological investigation on hepatic hydatid disease in Banma County of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province

Objective To provide references for the prevention and treatment for hepatic hydatid disease by making an epidemiological investigation in Banma county of Guoluo Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai Province.Methods From July to August in 2014,the local residents with age over 4 year in 2-3 natural villages of five towns in Banma county of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were required to finish the questionnaire and B ultrasound detection.The data was analyzed by software SPSS 18.0.Results One thousand eight hundred and one participants were surveyed,and two hundred and seventeen participants were diagnosed as hydatid diseases by B ultrasound detection (12.05％).The case of HCE and H AE was 47 and 170,respectively,and there was statistical difference (x2 =74.12,P ＜ 0.001).The case of hydatid diseases in the males and females were 61 and 156,respectively,and there was statistical difference (x2 =15.00,P ＜ 0.001).The prevalence in herdsman was the highest (19.91％) compared with other occupations (x2 =71.73,P ＜ 0.001).There were statistical significance in different regions for the detection rate of HAE and HCE (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Banma county of Qinghai Province is the serious epidemic areas for hepatic hydatid disease,especially in Daka township.Additionally,the female,herdsman and 50-59 year is the high risk population for this disease.