长春市成年居民一般心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解长春市成年居民一般心理健康状况的分布特征及其影响因素。方法 采用一般健康问卷12项评价量表（12-item general health questionnaire，GHQ-12）对多阶段分层随机整群抽样选取的长春市成年居民进行心理健康状况调查，并利用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 长春市成年居民GHQ-12平均分为2.13分，阳性检出率为21.1% ；其中男性阳性检出率16.6%，女性阳性检出率为25.6%，差异有统计学意义（χ²=72.078，P<0.001）；多因素分析结果显示，女性（OR=1.509，95% CI：1.248～1.824）、婚姻状况为丧偶（OR=1.483，95% CI：1.103～1.995）、睡眠时间为<7 h（OR=1.586，95% CI：1.334～1.885）或≥9 h（OR=1.322，95% CI：1.003～1.743）、职业类型为其他（OR=1.245，95% CI：1.002～1.547）、患有慢性病（OR=2.130，95% CI：1.760～2.578）为影响长春市居民心理健康状况的危险因素；年龄为35岁以上（OR=0.540，95% CI：0.361～0.808；OR=0.497，95% CI：0.328～0.752；OR=0.425，95% CI：0.276～0.656；OR=0.526，95% CI：0.325～0.852）、家庭人均月收入为500元及以上（OR=0.656，95% CI：0.519～0.829；OR=0.571，95% CI：0.445～0.732；OR=0.567，95% CI：0.432～0.761；OR=0.519，95% CI：0.366～0.737）、饮食规律（OR=0.584，95% CI：0.485～0.704）、进行锻炼（OR=0.583，95% CI：0.480～0.709；OR=0.789，95% CI：0.642～0.971）均为心理健康状况的保护因素。结论 长春市成年居民一般心理健康状况较差，相关部门应采取针对性的措施提高居民的基本生活质量，并结合宣讲等方式增加其保健意识。

The general mental health status and analysis on its related factors in adults of Changchun City

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of general mental health status in adults of Changchun City. Methods A 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to estimate general mental health status in adults who were selected by the method of multi-stage and stratified random cluster sampling in Changchun City, and logistic regression was used to analyze related factors. Results The average score of GHQ-12 was 2.13 points, and the positive rate was 21.1% in adults of Changchun City. The positive rate was 25.6% in females and 16.6% in males, and the difference had statistical significance (χ2=72.078,P<0.001); Multivariate analysis showed that female(OR=1.509, 95% CI:1.248-1.824), marital status as widowed (OR=1.483,95% CI:1.103-1.995), sleep time less than seven hours (OR=1.586, 95% CI:1.334-1.885) or more than nine hours(OR=1.322, 95% CI:1.003-1.743), type of occupation as others(OR=1.245, 95% CI:1.002-1.547), and suffered with chronic diseases(OR=2.130, 95% CI:1.760-2.578) were risk factors of mental health; Age above 35 years old(OR=0.540, 95% CI:0.361-0.808; OR=0.497, 95% CI:0.328-0.752; OR=0.425, 95% CI:0.276-0.656; OR=0.526, 95% CI:0.325-0.852), monthly average income per family over 500 yuan(OR=0.656, 95% CI:0.519-0.829; OR=0.571, 95% CI:0.445-0.732; OR=0.567, 95% CI:0.432-0.761; OR=0.519, 95% CI:0.366-0.737), regular dietary (OR=0.584, 95% CI:0.485-0.704), and physical exercises (OR=0.583, 95% CI:0.480-0.709; OR=0.789, 95% CI:0.642-0.971) were the protective factors of mental health. Conclusions Mental health status of adult residents in Changchun City was poorer. Appropriate measures should be taken by relevant departments to improve the basic quality of life of residents, and combined with lectures and other activities to increase their health care consciousness.