HIV感染者/AIDS患者的家属及朋友感染HIV的相关因素分析

目的 探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS）患者的家属及朋友感染HIV的现状和相关影响因素。方法 采取横断面研究设计，通过方便抽样方法和自行设计的调查问卷，于2013年3～6月对广州市第八人民医院感染科住院及门诊部的192名HIV感染者/AIDS患者的家属及朋友进行面对面问卷调查。结果 192位HIV感染者/AIDS患者的家属及朋友中，感染者家属占86.5%（166/192），感染者家属及朋友的HIV感染率为36.5%（70/192）。多因素Logistic回归分析表明，与感染者的关系为配偶或性伴（OR=4.464，95%CI：2.128～9.366）、同性恋/双性恋（OR=4.523，95%CI：1.676～12.209）、吸毒（OR=6.755，95%CI：1.720～26.528）是感染者家属及朋友感染HIV的危险因素；与感染者感情关系亲密（OR=0.229，95%CI：0.097～0.539）是其感染HIV的保护因素。结论 HIV感染者/AIDS患者的配偶或性伴与其存在着性关系，故感染HIV风险较其他亲友高，但与HIV感染者/AIDS患者感情亲密的配偶或性伴较感情疏远者感染HIV风险低。同性恋/双性恋、吸毒是感染HIV的高危因素。关于与HIV感染者/AIDS患者感情关系和除配偶或性伴以外其他亲友感染HIV的相关关系，仍需进一步研究。

Factors associated with HIV infection among family members and friends of people living with HIV/AIDS

Objective To explore the current status and related factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among family members and friends of people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA). Methods Cross-sectional study by convenience sampling was adopted and family members and friends of PLWHA were recruited from the infection department of Guangzhou No.8 People's Hospital from March to June 2013. Self-designed questionnaire was used in this face-to-face survey. Results Among 192 family members and friends of PLWHA, 86.5% (166/192) were family members. The rate of HIV infection was 36.5% (70/192). Multivariate Logistic regressions analysis indicated that being married or in sexual relationship (OR=4.464, 95% CI:2.128-9.366), homosexuality or bisexuality (OR=4.523, 95% CI:1.676-12.209), and drug use (OR=6.755, 95% CI:1.720-26.528) were risk factors of HIV infection while emotional closeness (OR=0.229, 95% CI:0.097-0.539) was a protective factor. Conclusions Spouses or sexual partners of PLWHA had a higher probability of engaging in sex behaviors with PLWHA and were therefore at a higher risk of HIV infection than other relatives. However, spouses or sexual partners who were emotionally close to PLWHA had lower risks of HIV infection than their counterparts. Homosexuality/bisexuality and drug use still were risk factors of HIV infection. Further studies on the relationship between emotional ties with PLWHA and HIV infection of other relatives and friends except spouses or sexual partners are needed.