特发性间质性肺炎高分辨率CT征象特点的量化比较分析

目的 通过量化比较分析特发性肺纤维化(IPF)、非特异性间质性肺炎(NSIP)、隐源性机化性肺炎(COP)的高分辨率CT(HRCT)征象特点,探讨这3种特发性间质性肺炎(IIPs)相鉴别的特征性HRCT表现.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年1月北京朝阳医院46例经肺活检病理证实的特发性间质性肺炎患者HRCT表现,其中IPF 19例、NSIP 14例、COP 13例.男29例、女17例,年龄25～76(50±10)岁.观察者在不知道诊断结果的情况下,将几种常见的影像学征象在出现频率、累及肺叶范围、分布等方面进行定量评价,并通过总体及分层组间的比较,分析相互之间的差异.结果 磨玻璃影、支气管血管束增粗、小叶间隔增厚在本组病例中出现的频率最高(＞50%).IPF组与NSIP、COP组比较,蜂窝影累及肺实质范围较广、细支气管扩张的肺段多,实变影累及的范围较少.COP与IPF、NSIP组比较前者磨玻璃影累及肺实质范围明显少于后两者(P＜0.05),气腔实变影累及肺实质范围较广(P＜0.05).结论 3种IIPs各自具有区别于其他类型IIPs的特征性HRCT征象,借助HRCT可以作出较为准确的诊断,但是NSIP征象易与IPF和COP重叠,有时需要结合其他征象才能作出鉴别.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) findings of IPF (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis), NSIP (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia) and COP (cryptogenic organizing pneumonia) retrospectively through quantification methods and to explore their distinguishing features. Methods Observers with no prior knowledge of the diagnosis evaluated the frequency, extent and distribution of various thin-section CT findings in 29 males and 17 females. The mean age was 50 ± 10 years old ( range: 25 - 76). They had a histological diagnosis of IPF ( n = 19), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (n = 14) and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) (n = 13). Results Ground-glass opacity,thickening of bronchovascular bundles and interlobular septal thickening were frequent features of IPF and NSIP. The frequency and extent of honeycombing and bronchiolectasis were more found in IPF than in NSIP and COP ( P ＜0. 05). The frequency and extent of air space consolidation were more found in COP than IPF ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). There were more number of segments with traction bronchiectasis and less extent of air space consolidation in IPF than NSIP and COP. The number of segments with traction bronchiectasis was less in NSIP than that of IPF and COP. Conclusion The various subtypes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias often have the distinguishing characteristics easily identified on HRCT. Bronchiolectasis and honeycombing are valuable features for IPF; air space consolidation is a valuable feature for COP. The features of NSIP are also found in both IPF and COP so that additional features are required for both.

Quantitative comparison of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias on high-resolution computed tomographic findings

Objective To analyze the high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) findings of IPF (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis), NSIP (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia) and COP (cryptogenic organizing pneumonia) retrospectively through quantification methods and to explore their distinguishing features. Methods Observers with no prior knowledge of the diagnosis evaluated the frequency, extent and distribution of various thin-section CT findings in 29 males and 17 females. The mean age was 50 ± 10 years old ( range: 25 - 76). They had a histological diagnosis of IPF ( n = 19), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (n = 14) and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) (n = 13). Results Ground-glass opacity,thickening of bronchovascular bundles and interlobular septal thickening were frequent features of IPF and NSIP. The frequency and extent of honeycombing and bronchiolectasis were more found in IPF than in NSIP and COP ( P ＜0. 05). The frequency and extent of air space consolidation were more found in COP than IPF ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). There were more number of segments with traction bronchiectasis and less extent of air space consolidation in IPF than NSIP and COP. The number of segments with traction bronchiectasis was less in NSIP than that of IPF and COP. Conclusion The various subtypes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias often have the distinguishing characteristics easily identified on HRCT. Bronchiolectasis and honeycombing are valuable features for IPF; air space consolidation is a valuable feature for COP. The features of NSIP are also found in both IPF and COP so that additional features are required for both.