低旋转点超大腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨应用低旋转点超大腓肠神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复踝足部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2001年5月-2006年2月应用这一皮瓣修复踝足部软组织缺损24例25处创面。其中车祸伤15例,机器绞轧伤6例,双足冻伤1例,烧伤2例。病程3d-22个月,伤后3-7d修复19例,择期手术5例。合并骨与关节外露25处,软组织缺损范围为22cm×12cm-28cm×12cm。切取皮瓣范围24cm×14cm-30cm×14cm,皮瓣最上端可切取至窝下缘,旋转点在外踝尖上1-5cm,供区以中厚皮片覆盖。结果术后24例25处皮瓣全部成活,其中1例皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,经换药切痂后用中厚皮片植皮愈合。所有患者均获3个月-5年随访,皮瓣外形满意,患肢正常步态行走,皮瓣耐磨,无溃疡发生,有痛觉,两点辨别觉为5-10mm。结论低旋转点超大腓肠神经营养血管逆行皮瓣皮肤质量较好,切取简便,供皮面积较大,成活率高且不牺牲主干血管,是修复足踝部较大面积皮肤缺损的一种理想供区。

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF LOWER ROTATING POINT SUPER SURAL NEUROCUTANEOUS VASCULAR FLAP

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of the lower rotating point super sural neurocutaneous vascular flap on the repair of the soft tissue defects in the ankle and foot. METHODS: From May 2001 to February 2006, 24 patients with the soft tissue defects in the ankle and foot were treated with the lower rotating point super sural neurocutaneous vascular flaps. Among the patients, 15 had an injury in a traffic accident, 6 were wringed and rolled by a machine, 1 was frostbited in both feet, 2 were burned, 25 had an exposure of the bone and joint. The disease course varied from 3 days to 22 months; 19 patients began their treatment 3-7 days after the injury and 5 patients were treated by an elective operation. The soft tissue defects ranged in area from 22 cm x 12 cm to 28 cm x 12 cm. The flaps ranged in size from 24 cm x 14 cm to 30 cm x 14 cm, with a range up to the lower region of the popliteal fossa. The rotating point of the flap could be taken in the region 1-5 cm above the lateral malleolar. The donor site was covered by an intermediate thickness skin graft. RESULTS: All the 25 flaps in 24 patients survived with a satisfactory appearance and a good function. The distal skin necrosis occurred in 1 flap, but healing occurred after debridement and intermediate thickness skin grafting. The follow-up for 3 months to 5 years revealed that the patients had a normal gait, the flaps had a good sense and a resistance to wearing, and no ulcer occurred. The two point discrimination of the flap was 5-10 mm. CONCLUSION: The lower rotating point super sural neurocutaneous vascular flap has a good skin quality, a high survival rate, and a large donor skin area. The grafting is easy, without any sacrifice of the major blood vessel; therefore, it is a good donor flap in repairing a large soft tissue defect in the ankle and foot.