氟康唑治疗隐球菌脑膜炎24例临床分析

目的 探讨氟康唑单用或联合氟胞嘧啶治疗非AIDS相关隐球菌脑膜炎(隐脑)的临床特征、疗效及转归.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属华山医院1997年至2007年间24例非AIDS相关隐脑病例(初始治疗均为氟康唑单用或联合氟胞嘧啶),观察其临床特点、疗效及转归.采用算术平均数和中位数进行统计学分析.结果 氟康唑治疗中位剂量为400 mg/d,中位疗程为20.5 d.初始治疗2周时,部分应答4例,占16.7%.无应答20例,占83.3%,有效率为16.7%,无死亡病例.治疗10周时,部分应答8例,占33.3%,完全应答7例,占29.2%,无应答4例,占16.7%,有效率为62.5%,死亡5例,占20.8%.病程中22例因疗效不佳而加用或改用两性霉索B、两性霉素B脂质分散体或伊曲康唑等.随访1年,24例中有11例死亡,其中8例死于隐脑,3例死于其他疾病.结论 对于非AIDS相关隐脑,以氟康唑单用或联合氟胞嘧啶作为初始治疗者疗效不佳,大部分息者因治疗失败而需改用其他抗真菌药物治疗,提示该方案不适用于非AIDS相关隐脑的初始治疗.

Analysis of 24 cases of cryptococcal meningitis treated with fluconazole

Objective To evaluate clinical features,therapeutic effects and outcomes of patients with non-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected cryptococcal meningitis treated with fluconazole or fluconazole and flucytosine.Methods Twenty-four cases of non-HIV-infected cryptococcal meningitis(fluconazole with or without flucytosine as initial therapy)in Huashan Hospital,Fudan University from 1997 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical manifestations,therapeutic effects and outcomes of the patients were collected.Results Fluconazole was administered with median dosage of 400 mg/d,for a median duration of 20.5 days.After fluconazole initial therapy for 2 weeks,16.7% showed partial response,83.3% showed no response,and the overall response rate was 16.7%.After 10 weeks,33.3% showed partial response,29.2% showed complete response,16.7% showed no response,and the overall response rate was 62.5%.Mortality at week 10 was 20.8%.Twenty-two patients who failed to respond to initial therapy were switched to other antifungal drugs(amphotericin B,amphotericin B colloidal dispersion,itraconazole)or other fluconazole containing combined therapy.Eleven out of the 24 patients died during one-year follow-up,8 of whom died of eryptococcal meningitis,and 3 died of other diseases.Conclusions The initial therapy of fluconazole with or without flucytosine is inefficient,and most of the patients need other antifungal drugs because of initial therapy failure.Therefore,fluconazole might not be appropriate for initial therapy in non-HIV-infected cryptococcal meningitis.