国境口岸快速处置一起邮轮诺如病毒性急性胃肠炎爆发疫情

〔目的〕通过对某大型豪华邮轮一起诺如病毒性肠胃炎疫情处置,关注国际间疫情变化,为国境口岸突发公共卫生事件快速反应提供对策依据。〔方法〕对来沪某大型豪华邮轮发生旅客不明原因腹泻的情况开展临床诊断、流行病学调查、实验室检测和实施卫生检疫措施。探讨口岸突发疫情的快速反应对策。〔结果〕经过对邮轮患者标本和食品样品的细菌学和病毒学检验,结合流行病学调查和临床表现确定为诺如病毒引起的群发性腹泻,采取了以传染源控制和管理为重点,切断传播途径和保护易感人群等卫生检疫措施后控制了疫情的蔓延。〔结论〕国境卫生检疫应在排除检疫传染病的情况下,扩大疾病的监测范围,以控制常见的、多发的、易引起突发公共卫生事件的传染病作为重点。根据新的《国际卫生条例》,调整国境口岸卫生检疫策略,加强口岸卫生检疫核心能力建设,为防止疾病的国际传播提供技术保障,建立应对突发疫情快速反应体系。

Study on Rapid Response to the Settlement of Norovirus Acute Gastroenteritis on a Cruising Ferry at the Frontier Ports

Objective Through response to the Norovirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) on a luxurious cruising ferry to increase awareness and alert of relevant countries for the changes of epidemic situations, and to provide basis for enhancing rapid response system to public health emergencies at the frontier ports. Method The clinical diagnosis, epidemiological investigation, laboratory detection and quarantine measures to Norovirus AGE were carried out on a big luxurious cruising ferry disembarking at Shanghail. Based on there finding, the strategies for rapid response to the public health emergency were discussed. Result The bacteriological and virological tests of the samples from the patients and their food were tested. With the epidemiological studying findings and the patients clinical features, Norovirus AGE was confirmed eventually. Great attentions have been paid to control and management of the infection source, cut the transmission route and protected the susceptible population. Conclusion The health quarantine should extend the range of inspection, enhance the control of common and frequent diseases which can easily causing public health emergency.Also according to the new International Health Regulation, it is necessary to establish a new rapid response system to public health emergency by adjusting the sanitation quarantine strategy and strengthening the capacity building and providing technical support for eliminating disease spreading across borders.