医护人员职业枯竭特征研究

目的 了解国内医护人员的职业枯竭现状,并分析其特征.方法 采用自编的医护人员职业枯竭量表对4575名医护人员进行了调查,使用方差分析及相关分析对数据进行处理.结果 (1)在总体上,医护人员的职业枯竭指数为(1.83±1.15)分,轻度、中度及重度的枯竭水平在医护群体中的分布分别为9.81%、3.56%和1.55%;(2)人口统计学变量方面, 在性别、年龄、职业、学历、婚姻状况、经济收入、工作年限条件下的医护人员呈现不同形态、不同程度的显著性差异水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);(3)在工作科室、医院属地、医院规模、医院等级条件下的医护人员也呈现不同形态、不同程度的显著性差异水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 医护人员的职业枯竭现象在整体上呈现出不严重状态,构成医护人群职业枯竭的为极少数人,成因受多种变量制约,应高度重视预防与改善工作.

Characteristics research for occupation burnout of medical staffs in China

Objective To explore the present situation and its characteristics on occupation burnout of medical staffs. Methods Self-made "Questionnaire for Occupation Burnout of Medical Members" is adopted in the analysis and 4575 medical staffs were involved in the questionnaire survey. The data was processed by variance analysis and correlation analysis.Results (1) In general, occupation burnout index of medical staffs is 1.83±1.15. Distributions of slight, moderate and severe burnouts are respectively 9.81%, 3.56% and 1.55% in colony of health care. (2) As to variables of demography such as sex, age, occupation, education background, marital status, economic income, years of work, when compared every two variables in each group, significant difference of various forms and extents came out(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). (3) As regards section office of working, hospital area, scale of hospital and grade of hospital, when compared every two variables in each group, significant difference of various forms and extents also came out(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Conclusion Generally occupation burnout of medical staffs is not severe. Very little people compose occupation burnout of medical staffs, formation causes of which is restricted by a variety of variables. But it should be highly care and improved.