茂名市乙脑综合防治连续三年控制效果分析

目的了解茂名市乙脑疫情的流行情况,分析乙脑流行的原因和特征,探讨乙脑的防制措施,为制订有效的乙脑防制策略提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学调查方法,结合病例临床特征,对2003～2005年茂名市乙脑疫情资料进行统计分析。结果茂名市2003～2005年乙脑共发病144例,年均发病率为0.72/10万,死亡12例,病死率为8.33%;1针免疫的27例,占18.75%,2针免疫的6例,占4.17%,无免疫接种史111例,占77.08%;发病年龄最小者为8个月,最大的15岁,1～6岁儿童发病共114例,占总病例数的79.17%;每年的5月～6月为高发季节,占98.61%。结论茂名市乙脑流行多年,以季节性发病明显。免疫空白和未全程接种是乙脑爆发流行的原因。乙脑疫苗应急接种和防蚊灭蚊是控制乙脑流行的有效措施,本市自2003年以来已将乙脑疫苗纳入计划免疫,实行常规接种,逐步提高接种率及免疫覆盖率,消除免疫空白点,提高人群免疫水平,有效地控制及消除乙脑疫情。

Analysis on effect of overall measures for prevention and control of encephalitis B for three years in Maoming city

Objective To analyse Maoming City Japanese Encephalitis(JE)the prevalence of the epidemic,analyse the causes and characteristics of JE epidemic,discuss the control measures of JE,to put in place an effective strategy for the control of JE scientific basis.Methods Use epidemiological investigation,clinical feature were combined,2003～2005 Maoming City JE epidemic information for statistical analysis.Results The results of Maoming City in 2003～2005 a total of JE incidence of 144 cases,the average annual incidence rate of 0.72/10,000,12 patients died,a death rate of 8.33%;Immunization of a needle 27 cases,accounted for 18.75%,the two-dose of six cases,accounting for 4.17%,No immunization history of 111 cases,the total number of cases of 77.08%.Minimum age is eight months,the greatest is 15-year-old,1-yearold to 6-year-old children are a total of 114 cases of the incidence.The total number of cases of 79.17%,the annual May to June for the high season,accounted for 98.61%.Conclusion Maoming City JE epidemic for years to clear seasonal incidence.The reasons of JE outbreak are immunization gaps and not fully immunized.JE vaccine emergency vaccination and mosquito control are the control of JE epidemic effective measures .The city since 2003 has been incorporated into the plans JE vaccine immunization,implementing routine immunization,gradually increase the rate of vaccination and immunization coverage,eliminating immunization gaps,increase population immunity levels,and effective control and eliminate the epidemic of JE.