可生物降解止血粉的制备及其止血性能

目的采用壳聚糖(chitosan,CTS)为主要材料制备一种可生物降解止血粉并观察其止血性能。方法以可降解的天然有机高分子材料CTS为主材,海藻酸钠(alginate,ALG)为辅料,通过乳化交联工艺,制成一种结构疏松的微球。利用单颗粒光学传感技术测定微球粒径,扫描电镜观察干燥微球的超微结构,将其置于伤口渗出液中浸泡,分别于1、3、5、10、20、30和60min后测定微球溶胀率。以云南白药为对照,在6只新西兰兔的脾出血模型,随机使用CTS/ALG微球和云南白药进行止血,观察止血效果。结果乳化交联法工艺稳定,CTS/ALG微球形态圆整,粒度均匀,粒径为2～20μm,平均粒径为4.05±2.55μm。干燥态CTS/ALG微球呈白色粉体状,结构疏松,扫描电镜下可见其呈珊瑚状外观,表面布满皱折。CTS/ALG微球的溶胀率,5min时达280.139%。在兔的脾出血模型上CTS/ALG微球组的出血时间为2.83±0.17min,云南白药组为5.33±0.49min,止血效果明显优于云南白药组(P<0.01)。结论以CTS和ALG为材料制备的CTS/ALG微球止血性能良好,使用方便,是一种新型的粉体止血剂。

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN/ALGINATE MICROSPHERE AS A NOVEL BIODEGRADABLE HAEMOSTATIC POWDER

OBJECTIVE: To explore a way to make a new kind of chitosan-based microsphere (MS), which can be used as a novel biodegradable haemostatic powder, and to confirm its haemostatic efficiency. METHODS: Chitosan (CTS), a haemostatic polysaccharide, was selected as a main material for the haemostatic powder; alginate (ALG), another haemostatic polysaccharide that has been found to be effective in promoting haemostasis in surgical procedures, was selected to be the costar. The emulsification and the cross-link were chosen as a preparation process based on the interaction between the polysaccharides. The diameter of the prepared MS was determined by SPOS, and the surface of MS was observed under SEM. The swelling characteristics of MS in the simulative wound efflusion were investigated. In a splenic bleeding model in 6 rabbits, MS and Yunnanbaiyao were randomly used as a haemostatic agent, and the corresponding bleeding time was recorded. RESULTS: The MS prepared in the above-mentioned process was well proportioned and was similarly shaped. It became a kind of white powder after dehydration, and had a coralloid surface under SEM. The diameter of the MS was 4.05+/-2.55 microm, which was determined by SPOS. The swelling ratio of the MS was 280.139% within 5 min. The bleeding time was significantly decreased in the MS treated group (2.83+/-0.17 min) when compared with that in the control group (5.33+/-0.49 min)(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The CTS/ALG-MS, which is made from haemostatic biomaterials (CTS, ALG) by emulsification and the cross-link processes, can be provided with favorable haemostatic efficiency. It can be used as a novel haemostatic powder. However, its biodegrading rate and mode still remain to be further studied.