Socioeconomic Status Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Overall Survival in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Real-World Data From a Cohort of 223 Patients |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA;2. Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;3. Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA;4. New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA;5. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA;6. Cardiovascular Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA;7. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA;8. Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA;1. Nemours Children''s Healthcare System-Translation Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, United States;2. Biological Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States;3. West Chester University, West Chester, PA, United States;4. Master of Public Health Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States;5. Master of Public Health, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionSocioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to be a prognostic factor for overall survival in a variety of hematologic malignancies, especially for patients who require continuous care such as those with multiple myeloma (MM).Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from 223 patients with symptomatic MM diagnosed and treated in our department from January 2005 to December 2019. The modified Kuppuswamy scale, slightly modified, was used for the SES assessment. The Kaplan-Meier estimator of survival and Cox regression analysis were used.ResultsIn our cohort of 223 patients with MM, low SES was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (OS), in addition to higher International Staging System stage and high-risk cytogenetics (hazard ratio for low SES on Cox regression analysis, 2.092; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-3.2; log-rank P = .000). Patients with low SES had inferior survival compared with the whole patient cohort (median OS: low SES, 28 months; 95% CI, 18-37.9; high SES, 68 months; 95% CI, 55.6-80.4; log-rank P = .000). The low SES effect on OS was more evident for the elderly patients who were not transplant eligible and in those with a diagnosis of MM International Staging System stage I. The effect of low SES on OS was attenuated by time, and ethnic origin had no effect on OS.ConclusionsThe results of the present study have shown that low SES is an independent poor prognostic factor for survival of patients with MM. |
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| Keywords: | High Risk cytogenetics ISS Multiple myeloma Overall survival Socioeconomic status |
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