Evaluation of antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Acorus calamus L. rhizome through tail suspension test and forced swimming test of mice |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India;2. Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India;3. Department of Environmental Sciences, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India;4. Department of Chemistry Education, Serambi Mekkah University, Banda Aceh, 23245, Indonesia;5. Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia;6. Center for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia;7. Faculty of Unani Medicine, Department of Saidla, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India;8. Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India;9. Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveAcorus calamus (AC) L. (Araceae) is an annual semi-aquatic and aromatic plant found in Europe, North America and Asia. Its rhizomes are often used by Native Americans, Americans, and Chinese as well as by other cultures. Ethnobotanical studies and documents have shown their use in various disease treatments, such as insomnia, mental disorders, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, inflammation, asthma, neuropathic pain, and diarrhea. In this study, the antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of the AC rhizome part in mice was investigated.MethodsThree doses of methanolic extract of AC rhizome (MEACR) (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt), three doses of hydroalcoholic extract of AC rhizome (HAACR) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt), and standards (imipramine, 15 mg/kg b.wt and fluoxetine, 20 mg/kg b.wt) was daily oral administration to the mice for consecutive 14 days. The extract effect on the immobility time was monitored by a tail suspension test (TST) and a forced swimming test (FST). Monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels were also analyzed using standard methods.ResultsThe optimum antidepressant activity was viewed at 100 mg/kg b.wt of MEACR extract and 400 mg/kg b.wt of HAACR extract with 23.82% and 20.59% immobility period reduction, respectively. Besides, the extracts weakened the FST-induced elevation of MAO activity significantly and returned to near-normal levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. 100 mg/kg b.wt or above of MEACR extract significantly prevented the MAO-A and MAO-B activities in mice brain at a dose-dependent fashion. But, just 400 mg/kg b.wt of HAACR extract prevented the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B. Fluoxetine and imipramine showed a tendency to prevent the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B.ConclusionThis study suggests that AC rhizome extract mediated antidepressant activity by modulating the central neurochemical and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to FST and TST-induced stress. Therefore, AC rhizome extract can be used as a valuable plant supplement to treat depressive disorders. |
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| Keywords: | Rhizome Antidepressant activity Methanolic extract Hydroalcoholic extract Tail suspension test Forced swim test Monoamine oxidase Mice |
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