小儿支原体肺炎的临床诊断与治疗

目的　总结小儿支原体肺炎的临床诊断与治疗现状。方法　检索国内有关文献。结果　小儿支原体肺炎的临床诊断标准有三个方面 :①临床症状体征的具体表现 ;②胸部X光线检查 ;③实验室检查项目 :血清冷凝集试验 ;血清肺炎支原体抗体测定 (主要检测IgM) ;聚合酶链反应方法 (PCR Mp DNA)检测肺炎支原体。药物治疗均采用大环内酯类抗菌药物。结论　小儿支原体肺炎的临床诊断除常规检查项目 ,血清学检查已成为必要而确切的标准。红霉素因疗效肯定 ,价格低廉仍作为首选药物。但红霉素药物不良反应发生率高 ,特别是引起胃肠道反应较多 ,患者耐受性差。阿奇霉素以其优良的体内药物动力学特点 ,优良的临床疗效 ,不良反应发生率最低等优势 ,可作为治疗小儿支原体肺炎的较佳选择。但因价格较贵 ,仍不能广泛应用于临床治疗。

Clinical diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia of children

Objective To study the clinical diagnosis and drug treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) of children.Methods To review relative literature. Result The clinical diagnosis of MP in children have three criterias:1,the symptom and physical sign of MP.2,check of chest X-ray.3,laboratory examinations: blood serum cold agglutination test; detective blood serum MP antibody (main IgM); polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detective MP .macrolides antibacterials are used to treament.Conclusion Serolog examinations are essential and certain. Erythromycin is still first selective drug,because it is more effective and cheap cost. But Erythromycin 's adverse drug reactions 's incident rate are high,specially gastrointestinal tract reaction .Azithromycin should be used easily , because it have long the serum half life and administration daily and good compliance and lower incident rate of adverse drug reactions.