咪唑啉结合位点及受体与心血管功能

人及大鼠心肌细胞存在 2 型咪唑啉结合位点 ,多种动物的血管平滑肌存在 1 型和 2 型咪唑啉结合位点 ,其中 2 型咪唑啉结合位点可能参与血管平滑肌的增殖。支配心血管系统的交感神经末梢存在突触前咪唑啉受体 ,激动该受体抑制NE的释放。与多数咪唑啉类化合物不同 ,莫索尼定对突触前咪唑啉受体无效 ,而大麻受体拮抗剂SR141716A对该受体具有拮抗作用。已经证实多数咪唑啉类化合物具有抗心律失常作用 ;咪唑啉受体的内源性配基胍丁胺降低动物窦房结起搏细胞的放电频率 ,延长人与动物心肌细胞的动作电位时程 ,对异丙肾上腺素诱发的后除极具有抑制作用。但是 ,咪唑啉类和胍类化合物非竞争性抑制心血管系统的KATP通道 ,可能干扰IK .ATP的心脏保护作用。

Imidazoline binding sites and receptors related with cardiovascular functions

I 2 Imidazoline binding sites have been shown to exist on cardiac myocytes of human beings and rat. Both of I 1 and I 2 imidazoline binding sites have been identified on vascular smooth muscle cells of various species. Vascular I 2 imidazoline binding sites may participate in vascular smooth muscle proliferation. The sympathetic nerves supplying the cardiovascular system are endowed with presynaptic inhibitory imidazoline receptors. Being different from most of the imidazolines, moxonidine does not activate presynaptic imidazoline receptors, but SR141716A, which is considered as a selective antagonist at cannabinoid receptors, antagonizes presynaptic imidazoline receptors. It has been shown that imidazolines exhibit antiarrhythmic action. Agamatine, which is endogenous ligand at imidazoline receptors, not only decreases the rate of pacemaker firing in sinoatrial node of animal, prolongs action potential duration on cardiac myocytes of human beings and animal, but also inhibits afterdepolarizations induced by isoproterenol. On the other hand, imidazolines and guanidines inhibit the cardiovascular K ATP channel in a noncompetitive manner, those effects might interfere with the cardioprotective effects of K ATP channel.