Changes in the sleep-wake cycle architecture and cortical nitric oxide release during ageing in the rat |
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Authors: | Clément P Gharib A Cespuglio R Sarda N |
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Institution: | Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 480, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France. |
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Abstract: | Changes in sleep-wake states and nitric oxide release were examined in aged rats versus young-adult ones. Sleep-wake recordings and nitric oxide measurements were taken from animals chronically equipped with polygraphic and voltametric electrodes. Animals were examined in baseline conditions and in response to a 24-hour paradoxical sleep deprivation. In aged rats, basal amount of paradoxical sleep is decreased during the light phase versus young-adult animals. After paradoxical sleep deprivation, a paradoxical sleep rebound occurs with an amount and intensity that are less marked in aged animals than in young-adult rats. The amplitude of the circadian distribution for wakefulness, slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep amounts is reduced with age. Finally, delta-slow-wave sleep and theta-paradoxical sleep power spectra are attenuated either in baseline conditions or after paradoxical sleep deprivation in aged animals. It is also reported that cortical nitric oxide release exhibits a circadian rhythm with higher amplitude in aged rats than in young-adult ones. However, after paradoxical sleep deprivation, a limited overproduction of nitric oxide is obtained compared with young-adult ones. These results, evidencing the dynamics of the nitric oxide changes occurring in relation to the sleep-wake cycle, point out the homeostatic paradoxical sleep regulation as an age-dependent process in which the nitric oxide molecule is possibly involved. |
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