外泌体介导的药物递送系统在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

外泌体为一种天然的药物递送系统，在介导肿瘤免疫治疗过程中具有低免疫原性、天然靶向性等优点。不同来源的外泌体中复杂的内容物决定了其功能的多样性。外泌体在肿瘤免疫治疗中参与了细胞间的物质与信息传递，在呈递免疫信号，抑制肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸，调控肿瘤微环境等方面起到重要作用。重点介绍外泌体作为药物递送系统的载药策略（主要包括膜融合、电穿孔、基因工程等方法）及优缺点，并论述影响外泌体载药的因素，以期为其从实验室引入临床应用提供理论参考。

Application of Exosome-mediated Drug Delivery System in Tumor Immunotherapy

As a natural drug delivery system, exosomes have the advantages of low immunogenicity and natural targeting in the process of mediating tumor immunotherapy. The complex contents of exosomes from different sources determine the diversity of their functions.They participate in the transfer of materials and information among cells in tumor immunotherapy and play such important roles as presenting immune signals, inhibiting immune escape of tumor cells, and regulating tumor microenvironment. This article summarizes the drug-carrying strategies (including membrane fusion, electroporation and genetic engineering, etc.), advantages and disadvantages of exosomes as drug delivery systems. It also discusses the factors affecting drug loading of exosomes, which provides some theoretical reference for applying them from the laboratory to clinical application.