湖北省中小学生近视流行现状及其影响因素分析

目的 分析湖北省中小学生近视的流行现状及其可能的影响因素。方法 按照整群随机抽样的方法，抽取湖北省各地市（州）四年级至高三的中小学进行问卷调查和视力检查。结果 湖北省四年级及以上中小学生近视患病率为65.1%，其中女生近视患病率（69.2%）高于男生（61.7%），且近视患病率随着学段的升高而增长。多因素logistic回归分析结果发现，女性、学段较高、父母近视是学生近视的危险因素，而看电视时间较长、天黑后在家读书写字仅使用台灯或屋顶灯、课间休息场所为户外是近视的保护因素。值得注意的是，与连续近距离工作＜0.25 h休息一次眼睛的学生相比，连续近距离工作≥0.5 h休息一次眼睛的学生近视风险增加（0.5～＜1 h:OR = 1.144；1 ～＜2 h:OR = 1.272；2 ～＜3 h:OR = 1.303；≥3 h:OR = 1.327）；与平均每天户外活动时间＜1 h的学生相比，户外活动时间≥3 h的学生近视风险较低（OR = 0.875）。结论 湖北省中小学生近视患病率较高，随着学段的升高而增长，增加户外活动、减少近距离用眼是预防及控制近视发生的重要举措。

Prevalence of myopia and influencing factors among primary and middle school students in Hubei Province

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among primary and middle school students in Hubei Province. Methods Through cluster random sampling method, primary and middle schools from grade four to twelve in all cities (states) of Hubei Province were selected for questionnaire survey and visual examination. Results The prevalence of myopia in primary and middle school students of grade four and above in Hubei Province was 65.1%, being higher in girls (69.2%) than in boys (61.7%). The prevalence of myopia increased along with higher grade. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that being girl, high grade, parents’ myopia were risk factors for myopia, and time spent watching TV per day in the past week, lamp for reading and writing at home in the dark, and outdoor activity during recess were protective factors for myopia. It was worth noting that, compared with the students who took a break after continuous shortdistance study <0.25h, the risk of myopia was significantly increased for students who took a break after continuous shortdistance study ≥0.5h (0.5-<1h: OR=1.144；1 - <2h: OR=1.272；2 - <3h: OR=1.303；≥3h: OR=1.327). Compared with students who spent an average of less than 1h in outdoor activities per day in the past week, students who spent more than 3h in outdoor activities had a lower risk of myopia (OR=0.875). Conclusion The prevalence of myopia in primary and middle school students in Hubei Province is relatively high with an increasing tendency depending on grade. Increasing outdoor activities and reducing short-distance eye use are important measures to prevent and control myopia occurrence.