社会活动对老年人认知功能的影响

目的 探讨社会活动对不同性别和年龄的中国老年人认知功能的影响。方法 运用2018年“中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查”的15424份数据。通过MMSE-R量表评价老人认知功能。控制居住地、受教育水平、配偶、自评健康状态、慢性病等因素，运用二元logistic回归分析社会活动对不同性别、年龄段老人认知功能的作用。结果 我国60岁以上老年人认知障碍发生率为34.88%，串门/与朋友交往、家务、看电视听广播和棋牌是所有性别和年龄段的老人认知功能的保护因素。阅读书报是＞85岁组男性老年人认知功能的保护因素，健身运动、旅游是60~85岁组男性认知功能的保护因素；社会组织活动是＞85岁组女性老人认知功能的保护因素。结论 根据老人的状态和需求提供适宜的社会活动方案，重视老年人社会活动的指导和推广。

Effects of social activities on cognitive function of the elderly

Objective To explore the effects of social activities on cognitive function of Chinese elderly with different gender and age. Methods Totally 15424 persons from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS) 2018 were included in this study.The cognitive function of the elderly was evaluated by MMSE-R.The factors such as habitation, education level, spouse, self-rated health status and chronic diseases were controlled, the effects of social activities on cognitive function in the elderly with different gender and age were analyzedby using binary logistic regression. Results The incidence of cognitive impairment was 34.88% in the elderly over 60 years old in China.Visiting/interacting with friends, doing housework, watching TV, listening to radioand playing chess were protective factors for the cognitive function of the elderly of all gender and agegroups.Reading books and newspapers was a protective factor for the cognitive function of the men over 85, while physical exercise and travel were protective factors for the cognitive function of the men aged 60～85.Social organization activity was a protective factor for the cognitive function of the women over 85. Conclusion Provide appropriate social activities programs according to the status and needs of the elderly, and attach importance to the guidance and promotion of the social activities of the elderly.